Influence of forming direction on properties of TC4 alloy during electron beam selective melting
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摘要: 采用电子束选区熔化针对不同成形方向进行打印，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和金相显微镜（OM）研究了电子束选区熔化成形Ti-6Al-4V合金的组织特征，获得了成形后Ti-6Al-4V合金力学性能，揭示了成形方向选择对力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：横向打印产品材料抗拉强度能够达到986 MPa、屈服强度能够到达880 MPa、延伸率能够到达11.2%，明显优于纵向打印产品材料的性能；横向打印材料在打印过程中冷却速度较快，β相先转化成α′马氏体，最后分解为α+β相组成的网篮组织；纵向打印材料在打印过程中材料被反复加热，最终形成魏氏组织（过热组织）。Abstract: Electron beam selective melting was used to print in different forming directions. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and metallographic microscope (OM) were used to study the microstructure characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V alloy formed by electron beam selective melting. The mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after forming were obtained, and the influence of forming direction on mechanical properties of the alloy was revealed. The results show that the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the transverse printing products can reach 986 MPa, 880 MPa and 11.2% respectively, which are obviously better than those of the vertical printing products. The materials cool down faster in the transverse printing process, and the phase is transformed from β to α′ martensite and then decomposed into microstructure consisting of α+β phases. The materials are heated repeatedly during the vertical printing process, resulting in Widmanstaten structure (superheated structure).
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Key words:
- Ti-6Al-4V /
- 3D printing /
- electron beam selective melting /
- forming direction /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties
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图 7 拉力棒拉伸断口电镜扫描形貌
其中(a)、(b)、(c)为H组横向制备试样，(d)、(e)、(f)为V组纵向制备试样
Figure 7. SEM of tensile fracture
表 1 Ti-6Al-4V ELI粉末化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of Ti-6Al-4V ELI powder
% Al V C Fe O N H Ti 6 4 0.03 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.003 Balance 
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表 3 拉力棒试样室温拉伸力学性能
Table 3. Tensile mechanical properties
试样编号 抗拉强度/MPa 屈服强度/MPa 延伸率 /% H1 937 882 8 H2 942 892 14.4 H3 930 867 11.2 平均值 936 880 11.2 V1 755 714 7.4 V2 816 790 10 V3 780 724 9 平均值 783 742.7 8.8
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