Influence of dynamic compression properties on ballistic performance of α+β two-phase titanium alloy
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摘要: 以研究钛合金材料动态压缩性能对抗弹性能的影响为目的，选用TC4、TC6、TC11三种不同强度级别的α+β两相钛合金为研究对象，采用动态压缩试验、准静态拉伸试验以及5.8 mm口径实弹靶试测试等方法，对材料微观组织、力学性能、动态压缩性能、弹坑形貌进行了对比分析。结果显示，TC4、TC6和TC11三种α+β两相钛合金经过固溶时效热处理后，TC11钛合金的拉伸强度和动态压缩强度最高，分别达到1258 MPa和1973 MPa，采用12 mm厚度的三种钛合金靶板进行靶试测试，对垂直入射的5.8 mm口径钢芯弹均进行了有效防护，TC11钛合金开坑深度2.4 mm，开坑尺寸7.5 mm×5.5 mm，均小于其他两种钛合金靶板的弹坑尺寸，对钢芯弹的侵彻有更好的防护作用。针对普通钢芯弹的防护，材料的动态压缩性能与其抗弹性能存在对应关系，动态压缩强度越高，临界断裂应变εcr越大，受冲击过程吸收的能量越多，抗弹性能越好。Abstract: In order to study the effect of dynamic compression properties on ballistic resistance of titanium alloy materials, three different strength grades of α+β two-phase titanium alloys, TC4, TC6 and TC11, are selected for the dynamic compression test, quasi-static tensile test and 5.8 mm caliber bullet target test to compare and analyze the microstructure, mechanical properties, dynamic compression properties and crater morphology. The results show that TC4, TC6 and TC11 strengthened by solution and aging heat treatment, the tensile strength and dynamic compressive strength of TC11 titanium alloy are the highest, reaching 1 258 MPa and 1 973 MPa, respectively. Three kinds of titanium alloy target plates with a thickness of 12 mm are used for target test, and the 5.8 mm caliber bullet with vertical incidence is effectively protected. The pit depth of TC11 titanium alloy is 2.4 mm and the pit size is 7.5 mm × 5.5 mm, which is smaller than the crater size of the other two titanium alloy, and shows a better protective effect. For the protection of 5.8 mm caliber bullet, there is a corresponding relationship between the dynamic compression performance and its elastic resistance. The higher of the dynamic compression strength and the critical fracture strain, the more energy absorbed by the impact process, and the better the ballistic performance.
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图 1 三种钛合金材料的金相组织
（a）TC4的典型针状马氏体α＇组织,×100；（c）TC6晶粒内部的棒状或条状α相，×100；（e）TC11中的白色次生α相和大量细小析出物，×100;(b)(d)(f)依次为(a)(c)(e)的放大，×500
Figure 1. The metallographic structure of three titanium alloy materials
图 3 三种钛合金材料的动态压缩曲线
Figure 3. The tensile properties of three titanium alloy materials
(a) TC4; (b) TC6; (c) TC11
图 4 不同钛合金靶板靶试后正面和背面形貌
靶板正面(a) TC4; (b) TC6; (c) TC11; 靶板背面(d) TC4; (e) TC6; (f) TC11
Figure 4. Front and back surface morphology of different titanium alloy target plates after target test
表 1 三种α+β两相钛合金的化学成分
Table 1. The chemical compositions of materials
% 材料 Al V Cr Mo Si Fe Zr Ti TC4 5.95 4.12 0.25 余量 TC6 6.05 1.47 2.62 0.24 0.50 余量 TC11 6.52 3.36 0.25 0.20 1.55 余量 
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表 2 三种钛合金靶试后弹坑尺寸参数统计
Table 2. Statistics of crater size parameters of three titanium alloy targets after test
材料 侵入深度/mm 开坑尺寸/（mm×mm） 背面宏观形貌 TC4 3.9、4.1 15.0×11.5 、13.0×14.5 明显背凸 TC6 3.0、3.0 9.8×7.2 、9.0×7.5 轻微背凸 TC11 2.4、2.5 7.5×5.5、7.3×6.3 轻微背凸
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