Separating and Extracting of Vanadium and Titanium
Status, future and development of China’s titaniumdioxide industry in 2023
Bi Sheng
2024, 45(1): 1-3.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.01.001
Abstract(17) HTML(4) PDF(6)
Abstract:
This paper summarized the operation data of China’s titanium dioxide industry in 2023, including production capacity, output, market apparent demand, capacity concentration and so on. The recent growth trend of titanium dioxide production capacity and the corresponding changes in the supply and demand relationship of titanium ore raw materials were also analyzed. The results indicate that the production capacity and yield of titanium dioxide in 2023 continue to maintain the growth trend, and the concentration of production capacity keeps further improved. Meanwhile, the scale of existing producers is further expanded, the increase of non-industry joining projects and the increase of titanium dioxide production capacity caused by the rise of new energy materials industry, which will exacerbate the contradiction between supply and demand of titanium ore. Market prospects and industry outlook maybe not optimistic, all parties should pay great attention and make timely adjustment. Suggestions are put forward for the sustainable and healthy development of titanium dioxide industry in the future, and call for explicit attention and active response to a new round of industrial policies introduced recently.
Application of Vanadium and Titanium
Research progress of micro-arc oxidation technology of titanium alloys
Yang Hongpei, Wang Ping, Yang Shaolan, Wang Xiangjie
2024, 45(1): 40-48.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.01.007
Abstract(8) HTML(1) PDF(6)
Abstract:
China has developed the largest titanium industry system at present in the world, focusing on deepening the application and service behavior of titanium and titanium alloys, and vigorously developing new surface treatment technologies to improve the life of materials. Among them, micro-arc oxidation is the most representative surface modification technology, which is environmentally friendly and implements the sustainable development strategy. Therefore, the research achievement of titanium and titanium alloys micro-arc oxidation technology at home and abroad are summarized. The technological principle of micro-arc oxidation is described, and the influence of electrolyte, electrical parameters and additives on titanium and titanium alloys micro-arc oxidation is expounds. The investigate progress of corrosion resistance, wear resistance and bonding strength of titanium alloys micro-arc oxidation ceramic films is also reviewed. Finally, the next research focus of titanium alloy micro-arc oxidation technology is prospected. It is necessary to accelerate the research and development of energy-saving power supply devices to realize batch production of workpieces, continue to strengthen the research on micro-arc oxidation mechanism and systematic design of process, and build a complete technology library.
Resources Environment and Energy Saving
Study on the occurrence state of substances in sublimation sulfur from the tail gas of acid hydrolysis of titanium concentrate
Li Ping, Quan Xuejun, Li Li, Wang Haibo, Chen Xinhong, Qi Xueqiang, Li Gang, Xiang Quanjin
2024, 45(1): 84-90.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.01.013
Abstract(4) HTML(6) PDF(3)
Abstract:
At present, the manufacturers of titanium dioxide produced by sulfuric acid process titanium dioxide face the problem that sublimed sulfur in the acid hydrolysis tail gas clogs the pipeline, which affects the continuity of the production of titanium dioxide by this process. In this paper, XRD, SEM and EDS characterizations were used to study the structure, composition, distribution of main elements and occurrence of impurity elements in factory sublimed sulfur powder. The results show that the main component of sublimed sulfur powder is S8, in which the main impurity elements are O, Fe, Ti, Si, Ca, Mg, Al, Mn and V, and most of the titanium and iron are distributed in the ilmenite and Fe2TiO5 phase, and a small part of the iron is distributed in the silicate phase, in the form of Fe2SiO4. Calcium is distributed in calcium sulfate and silicate phases, and exists in the form of CaSiO3. Silicon mainly exists in the form of SiO2 and silicate. Magnesium is distributed in MgTiO3 and MgFeAlO4 phases. Aluminum exists in the form of MgFeAlO4. Manganese is distributed in ilmenite in the form of metal oxidation. The study of the occurrence state of sublimed sulfur in the exhaust gas of titanium dioxide acid-hydrolysis by sulfuric acid process can provide a basis for the study of condensation behavior of sublimed sulfur in the exhaust gas of post-sequence acid-hydrolysis.
Ferrous Metallurgy and Materials
Study on deterioration of physicochemical properties of tundish slag for high carbon steel during continuous casting process
Hu Hao, Wang Xianyang, Wu Chenhui, Shi Peng, Xie Xin, Zeng Jianhua, Long Mujun, Chen Dengfu
2024, 45(1): 115-121.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.01.017
Abstract(3) HTML(3) PDF(3)
Abstract:
Well keeping physicochemical properties of tundish slag during continuous casting is of great significance to stabilize the cleanness of molten steel. In this study, the physicochemical properties of tundish slag for high carbon steel bloom in the process of continuous casting were tested and studied, and the high-temperature phase of molten slag was calculated by a Factsage software, and the evolution laws of its composition, melting point, viscosity and surface tension were analyzed. The results show that the physicochemical properties of slag in tundish pouring zone and impact zone show different changing evolution. With the increase of casting heats, the SiO2 and MgO contents of tundish slag in casting zone increase significantly. Due to the increase of high melting point components, the complete melting temperature rises from 1325 ℃ to more than 1500 ℃, the viscosity rises nearly 10 times, the surface tension rises from 0.4 N/m to 0.8 N/m, and the adsorption capacity of tundish slag to inclusions becomes poor. The change law of impact zone is opposite to that of pouring zone, and slag entrapment is easy to occur in the impact zone.
Others
Analysis of standard GB/T 10561-2023: Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel-micrographic method using standard diagrams
Zhang Zhenwei, Ma Yuchen, You Yanglijun, Wang Ruolan, Chen Min, Zhao Jie, Jiang Rui, Li Yulei
2024, 45(1): 197-204.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2024.01.029
Abstract(1) HTML(1) PDF(2)
Abstract:
The inspection standard for non-metallic inclusions (GB/T 10561-2023) has been revised. In order to more precisely implement the revised standard, in this paper, we provide a detailed analysis on the revised contents of the new standard GB/T 10561-2023 “Determination of Non-metallic Inclusion Content in Steel by Micrographic Method Using Standard Diagrams,” including the terminology definitions, principles, determination methods, results representations, calculation formulas, and rating maps. The major revisions of the new standard are summarized as follows: the terms and definitions section is added; the definition and characterization of inclusions are revised; requirements to evaluate the precipitated phases is required and the methods for describing their chemical characteristics are amended; the level of non-metallic inclusions is subdivided into 10 levels; the sampling requirements clarified, the sampling and schematic diagram for steel pipes modified, and the least size of inclusions for evaluation is clarified. The determination method was modified, and the scanning mode of the microscope B method was given. In terms of results presentations, the unclear classification of inclusion types and series boundaries was revised. The new standard has changed the calculation formula for inclusion measurement values and inclusion levels, and redrawn the standard rating diagram. Compared to the GB/T 10561-2005 version, the newly released GB/T 10561-2023 standard is more complete.
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Report on China titanium industry in 2020
Jia Hong, Lu Fusheng, Hao Bin
2021, 42(3): 1-9.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.03.001
[Abstract](1142) [FullText HTML](827) [PDF 867KB](367)
摘要:
从2020年我国钛工业钛精矿、海绵钛、钛锭、钛材等品种的产能、产量、应用和进出口等数据分析了我国钛工业的整体情况,并对目前行业存在的问题提出了建议。
Status of titanium dioxide industry in China and the development prospect
Bi Sheng
2021, 42(2): 1-4.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.02.001
[Abstract](339) [FullText HTML](111) [PDF 546KB](131)
摘要:
总结回顾了中国钛白粉工业2019、2020年的各项行业数据和表现,分析了当前面临的形势及发展趋势,认为高质量发展成为钛白粉行业未来发展的主旋律,钛白粉产能集中度虽有提高,但洗牌效应短期内难以呈现,这也是行业发展的一个难题,另外行业监管、氯化法钛原料问题、环保及清洁生产问题仍不容忽视。
Global vanadium industry development report 2020
Wu You, Chen Donghui, Liu Wuhan, Sun Zhaohui, Zhang Bangxu
2021, 42(5): 1-9.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.05.001
[Abstract](1010) [FullText HTML](185) [PDF 1046KB](320)
摘要:

从2020年全球钒资源概况,五氧化二钒、偏钒酸铵、钒铁和钒氮合金等品种的产能、产量、需求、进出口贸易和市场价格等方面阐述和分析了钒工业的整体情况,并介绍了2020年全球钒电池领域发生的主要大事件。依据目前国内外钒行业运行态势对后市进行了展望,认为全球钒扩能态势短期内不会大改,钒产品供过于求的状态将促使价格呈现盘整回归态势。“双碳”背景下的中国市场依旧是全球钒需求的主场,钒氮合金亦将成为钒产品近中期的发展趋势,钒企间的协同创新将促进钒产业逐步呈现良性“竞合”局面。

Inclusion analysis in magnesium free-cutting steel
Zhu Qiangbin, Li Jie, Deng Xiangyang, Tian Qianren, Zeng Zhiqi, Fu Jianxun
2021, 42(2): 179-187, 192.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.02.029
[Abstract](227) [FullText HTML](44) [PDF 2017KB](73)
摘要:
为了探究Mg处理对易切削钢中夹杂物的影响,以1144高硫易切削钢为试验钢种,采用金相和能谱仪等手段研究了Mg处理对1144易切削钢中夹杂物的形态、尺寸分布和夹杂物成分的影响。结果表明:在易切削钢铸坯中,Mg处理使得易切削钢铸坯硫化物夹杂由Ⅱ类向Ⅲ类、Ⅰ类转变,分布更为均匀,同时使得复合硫化锰夹杂物比例提升。在轧材中,使得钢中夹杂物球化,并且钢中硫化锰夹杂物的尺寸和分布也得到了较好的改善,同时,Mg处理能够有效提高易切削钢的切削加工性能。
Study on microalloying and heat treatment process of spring steel 55SiCrV
Meng Jian
2021, 42(3): 187-192.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.03.028
[Abstract](253) [FullText HTML](31) [PDF 850KB](87)
摘要:
在弹簧钢55SiCr成分基础上进行钒微合金化处理,获得了55SiCrV,通过淬火+回火正交试验、显微组织观察、力学性能测试和X射线衍射等手段,研究并分析了淬火+回火工艺对弹簧钢55SiCrV微观组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明:0.20%V的添加可使55SiCrV组织中存在大量弥散均匀分布的10~35 nm含钒析出相,强化效果最佳。淬火+回火处理可以改变55SiCrV的显微组织比例,其中的残余奥氏体可以降低强度和增加塑性,55SiCrV获得最佳力学性能匹配(Rm=1 815 MPa、Z=28%)的热处理工艺为900 ℃淬火+430 ℃回火,对应其残余奥氏体含量为2.3%。
Application of rutile nano titanium dioxide in coatings
Wu Jianchun
2021, 42(1): 43-49.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.01.007
[Abstract](245) [FullText HTML](41) [PDF 1313KB](111)
摘要:
利用透射电镜(TEM)对纳米二氧化钛的形貌和粒度进行分析后,将纳米二氧化钛制成乳胶漆、汽车漆、家具漆和防腐漆,对其进行耐候性、随角异色等性能分析。结果表明,金红石纳米二氧化钛可大幅度提高乳胶漆的耐候性、耐水性、耐碱性和耐洗刷性能,可提高家具漆和防腐漆的耐候性;纳米二氧化钛和铝粉配合制成的汽车漆具有随角异色效果,二氧化钛的粒度对其随角异色性能有很大影响,平均粒径为280 nm的普通颜料钛白改性铝粉漆无随角异色效果,平均粒径为35 nm的纳米二氧化钛改性铝粉漆有显著的随角异色效果,并且随纳米二氧化钛加量的增加,其不同角度的颜色差异增大。
Review of continue casting slab electromagnetic stirring technology
Yang Bao, Zhang Hui, Wang Minglin, Wang Xuebin, Liu Bin, Liu Shuai
2021, 42(5): 149-157.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.05.023
[Abstract](352) [FullText HTML](17) [PDF 966KB](68)
摘要:
简述了连铸板坯电磁搅拌技术的发展过程和现存问题,重点阐述了连铸板坯生产过程中结晶器内和二冷区电磁搅拌的工作原理和技术特点,对电磁搅拌器的安装位置进行了归纳,同时总结了板坯结晶器电磁搅拌和二冷区电磁搅拌的研究现状,探究了影响板坯电磁搅拌效果的因素及其主次关系,归纳了用于二冷区电磁搅拌支撑辊的作用及需继续探究的方向,分析了板坯电磁搅拌技术对铸坯内元素分布和等轴晶区间隙率的影响,为以后的板坯电磁搅拌研究者提供参考。
Current research status of advanced forming technology for high-performance titanium alloys
Li Junzhao, Sun Qingjie, Yu Hang
2021, 42(6): 17-27.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.06.002
[Abstract](535) [FullText HTML](105) [PDF 1729KB](134)
摘要:
主要介绍先进热成形技术、脉冲电流辅助成形技术和电磁辅助成形技术的特点,及其在钛合金薄壁板材成形中应用的研究进展。热成形是钛合金塑性加工应用最为普遍的成形工艺,利用高温下钛合金塑性变形软化的特征,能够实现复杂钛合金零件的成形。脉冲电流和电磁辅助成形技术目前尚未开展大规模的产业应用,其在高强度难成形材料的成形加工方面具有潜在应用前景。
Study on microstructure and properties of high aluminum dual phase steel 980DH with high formability
Zhou Li, Xue Renjie, Cao Xiao’en, Dong Mengyao
2022, 43(2): 186-191.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2022.02.028
[Abstract](110) [FullText HTML](13) [PDF 1978KB](22)
摘要:
采用相变淬火膨胀仪、连退热模拟试验机等开展高铝增强成形性双相钢980DH静态连续冷却转变、连续退火工艺对冷轧板组织、性能的影响规律研究。结果显示:冷却速率在5~10 ℃/s,只发生贝氏体相变;当冷速>15 ℃/s后,随着冷速的提高,贝氏体占比减少,马氏体含量增加;980DH钢基体组织主要为铁素体、马氏体和残余奥氏体;均热温度(780~800 ℃)×160 s、缓冷温度650~700 ℃、冷却速率50 ℃/s快冷至300 ℃,保温5 min时效处理后空冷至室温,可获得性能优异的CR550/980DH。研究结果对工业开发高级别DH钢具有指导意义。
Study on beneficiation process of a low grade ilmenite in Panxi
Yang Daoguang
2022, 43(3): 111-117.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2022.03.018
[Abstract](222) [FullText HTML](74) [PDF 720KB](30)
摘要:
某低品位钒钛磁铁矿,TiO2品位为6.15%,矿物组成复杂,为充分回收其中的钛铁矿,针对钛的赋存状态及粒级分布特点,制定了强磁磁选预抛尾、重选提质、细磨弱磁选除铁、反浮选脱硫与一粗一扫两精浮钛组合工艺流程,研究了磁感应强度、磁介质大小、脉动冲程、磨矿浓度、磨矿时间、浮选调整剂及捕收剂用量等的影响,在获得最优工艺条件的基础上,按“一段强磁抛尾—两段重选抛尾—磨矿—除铁—浮选”的工艺流程进行了闭路试验。试验获得了TiO2品位48.22%,回收率为35.19%的钛精矿。矿石中主要有用的矿物钛铁矿得到了有效的回收。
Report on China titanium industry in 2022
An Zhongsheng, Chen Yan, Zhao Wei
2023, 44(3): 1-8.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.03.001
[Abstract](1313) [FullText HTML](225) [PDF 1967KB](225)
Abstract:
The overall situation of China titanium industry was analyzed on the basis of capacity, output, application, and import and export amount of titanium concentrate, titanium sponge, titanium ingot and titanium materials in 2022. The existed problems and the corresponding suggestions were also proposed.
Development and analysis on 2022 titanium dioxide industry in China
Bi Sheng
2023, 44(1): 1-3.   doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.01.001
[Abstract](305) [FullText HTML](251) [PDF 608KB](251)
Abstract:
This paper summarizes and sorts the operational data of titanium dioxide industry in China in 2022, such as production capacity, yield, apparent market demand, production capacity distribution, etc., and focuses on analyzing the recent growth trend of titanium dioxide production capacity and the corresponding changes in the supply and demand relationship of titanium ore raw materials. It is pointed out that the yield and production capacity of titanium dioxide in 2022 will continue to maintain an increasing trend, and the concentration of production capacity will be further improved. At the same time, the further expansion of the scale of existing producers and the increase of joining projects outside the industry will lead to the shortage of titanium ore supply. In addition, with the rise of the green new energy battery material industry, a large number of iron phosphate or lithium iron phosphate project construction or preparation, will lead to the surge of titanium dioxide production capacity, aggravate the contradiction between titanium ore supply and demand; then the market prospects and industry outlook is worrying, all parties should pay close attention to and timely adjust.
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