沉钒母液中铬的综合回收研究进展

宋悦; 吴桂选; 应子文; 魏琦峰; 任秀莲

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.20.21.05.006

沉钒母液中铬的综合回收研究进展

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.20.21.05.006

1.
哈尔滨工业大学（威海）海洋科学与技术学院，山东威海 264200
2.
德国于利希研究中心能源与气候研究所，德国北威州于利希 52425

基金项目: 山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC1002)

详细信息

作者简介:
宋悦（1997—），女，黑龙江哈尔滨人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为分离科学与技术及资源综合利用，E-mail：563879007@qq.com；

通讯作者:
任秀莲，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为分离科学与技术及资源综合利用。E-mail： renxiulian@126.com

中图分类号: TF841.3，X75
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-04
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-30

Research progress on comprehensive recovery of chromium in vanadium bearing mother liquor

1.
College of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264200, Shandong, China
2.
Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52425, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

摘要

摘要: 介绍了沉钒母液中铬的回收，包括化学沉淀法、离子交换法、吸附法、电解法和溶剂萃取法在内的五种常见的回收方法，阐述了各自的工艺路线和基本原理，分析总结了它们的优缺点。根据沉钒母液的特点，指出企业应该在不同的需求下，合理地选择相应的回收方法。经过综合比较，认为具有选择性强、能耗低、萃取剂易再生和机械化程度高等优势的溶剂萃取法，具有更好的应用前景，值得投入更多的精力去开发新型萃取剂。
- 钒铬渣 /
- 沉钒母液 /
- 铬 /
- 回收 /
- 溶剂萃取法
Abstract: This paper introduces five common recovery methods including chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, electrolysis and solvent extraction, expounds their process routes and basic principles, and analyzes and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages. According to the characteristics of vanadium precipitation mother liquor, it is pointed out that enterprises should reasonably select the corresponding recovery methods under different needs. Through comprehensive comparison, it is considered that the solvent extraction method with the advantages of strong selectivity, low energy consumption, easy regeneration of extractant and high degree of mechanization has better application prospects, and it is worth investing more energy to develop new extractants.
- vanadium chromium slag /
- vanadium precipitation mother liquor /
- chromium /
- recovery /
- solvent extraction

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表 1 废水中铬回收工艺比较

Table 1. Comparison of chromium recovery processes from wastewater

方法	基本原理	优点	缺点
化学沉淀法	Cr(VI)还原至Cr(Ⅲ)，再碱性沉淀； Cr(VI)与金属离子直接形成沉淀	成本低，操作简单，容易实现工业化	产品纯度低，需要反复调节溶液pH
离子交换法	树脂中阴离子与Cr(VI)发生交换，使其被树脂固定	选择性好，产品纯度高，设备简单	生产效率低，树脂易中毒
吸附法	利用分子引力或化学键力的作用吸附Cr(VI)	操作简单，适应性强，二次污染小	吸附效率低，循环性能不高
电解法	Cr(VI)在阴极发生还原反应；利用电极还原产物与Cr(VI)反应	去除效率高，操作简单	耗能大，极板易钝化，产品纯度不高
溶剂萃取法	活性基团与Cr(VI)发生配位反应，使其从水相转移至有机相	选择性好，产品纯度高，萃取剂可以再生	一次性投入成本高

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