Abstract: Firstly,thermodynamic analysis of carbon dissolution had been made.It proved that carburization process was provided with good thermodynamic condition,however,carburization process was restrained by oxidation of carbon.Based on these research results,carburization experiment of laboratory level had been conducted.Five kind of carburant are employed in the experiments at temperature of 1 500 ℃.The rank of carburization efficiency for five carburizers is obtained as follows: low nitrogen carburant,graphite,anthracite,carbon granule and coke.It is concluded that the difference of carburization amount is mainly related with contents of both sulfur and ash in the carburizers.Carburization amount decreases with the increase of sulfur content or ash content in the carburizer.The magnitude of rate constant of the carburization reaction is calculated to be 10^-4s^-1.Anthracite is the most suitable carburizer among the five carbonaceous materials.Addition of 13.2 kg anthracite brings 0.5% increase of carbon content in practical production.