利用钒钛高炉矿渣制备海绵城市用透水砖的研究

刘海军

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.01.016

利用钒钛高炉矿渣制备海绵城市用透水砖的研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.01.016

刘海军

内蒙古建筑职业技术学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010070

基金项目: 全国交通运输路桥工程类职业教育教学指导委员会教研课题（LQZZW2018234）；内蒙古自治区教育科学“十三五”规划课题（NGJGH2016150）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘海军（1980—），男，本科，讲师，研究方向：道路建筑材料与市政工程材料。E-mail：Liuhaijun198011@163.com

中图分类号: X757
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-17
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-10

Preparation of permeable brick for sponge city from vanadium titanium blast furnace slag and lead slag

Liu Haijun

Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Huhehaote 010070, Inner Mongolia, China

摘要

摘要: 以钒钛高炉矿渣和铅渣为主要原料，以锯末为造孔剂，采用压制成型—无压烧结法制备了高抗折强度与高孔隙率的透水砖，研究了配方组成、锯末添加量与烧成温度对样品物理性能的影响，分析了样品的结构、渗透性与环境安全性。结果表明：适当降低钒钛高炉矿渣与烧成温度及提高锯末的添加量可提高样品的气孔率。当钒钛高炉矿渣、铅渣与锯末的添加量(外加)分别为50%、50%与20%时，生坯经1 100 ℃烧成后，透水砖的气孔率、抗折强度与透水系数分别为45.27%、32.94 MPa与1.58～2.02 cm/s。XRD与SEM分析表明，赤铁矿、鳞石英、钙长石与玻璃相相互交织，三维连通的气孔均匀分布，因此透水砖具有较高的强度与优良的透水性能。玻璃相束缚了重金属离子的浸出活性，赋予样品良好的环境安全性。本研究为利用钒钛高炉矿渣与铅渣制备透水砖提供了理论依据。
- 钒钛高炉矿渣 /
- 铅渣 /
- 透水砖 /
- 气孔率 /
- 抗折强度 /
- 显微结构
Abstract: Permeable brick with high flexural strength and high porosity were prepared by pressure forming-pressureless sintering respectively using vanadium and titanium blast furnace slag and lead slag as raw materials and sawdust as pore-forming agent. The effects of formula compositions, sawdust addition and sintering temperature on the physical properties of the samples were studied. The structure, permeability and environmental safety of the samples were analyzed. The results show that the porosity of samples could be increased by properly decreasing the amount of blast furnace slag as well as the sintering temperature, and it can be increased by increasing the sawdust addition. When the addition of lead slag, blast furnace slag and sawdust (additional) are 50%, 50% and 20% respectively, the porosity, flexural strength and permeability coefficient of the permeable brick roasted at 1 100 ℃ are respectively 45.27%, 32.94 MPa and 1.58～2.02 cm/s. XRD and SEM analyses show that hematite, quartz and calcareous feldspar intertwine with glass phase, and the pore distribution is uniform in three-dimensional connection, which endow the permeable brick high porosity, good acid and alkali resistance. In addition, the activity of heavy metal ions is bound by glass phase, endowing the permeable brick good environmental safety. This study provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of permeable brick using vanadium titanium blast furnace and lead slag.
- vanadium titanium blast furnace slag /
- lead slag /
- permeable brick /
- porosity /
- flexural strength /
- microstructure

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图 1 锯末的TG-DTA曲线

Figure 1. TG-DTA curve of sawdust

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图 2 矿渣添加量对样品气孔率和抗折强度的影响

Figure 2. Porosity and flexural strength of samples versus blast furnace slag addition

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图 3 矿渣添加量对样品耐酸性和耐碱性的影响

Figure 3. Acid and alkali resistance of samples versus blast furnace slag addition

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图 4 烧成温度对样品气孔率和抗折强度的影响

Figure 4. Porosity and flexural strength of samples versus sintering temperature

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图 5 烧成温度对样品耐酸性和耐碱性的影响

Figure 5. Acid and alkali resistance of samples versus sintering temperature

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图 6 锯末添加量对多孔陶瓷气孔率和抗折强度的影响

Figure 6. Porosity and flexural strength of samples versus sawdust addition

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图 7 样品的XRD 谱图

Figure 7. XRD pattern of the sample

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图 8 样品断面的SEM形貌图及EDS谱图

Figure 8. SEM-EDS of fracture surface of the sample

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表 1 原料的化学组成

Table 1. Chemical compositions of raw materials %

原料	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO	FeO	Na₂O	ZnO	PbO	TiO₂+V₂O₅	烧损
矿渣	25.30	18.08	30.01	11.69	1.23	−	−	−	11.45	2.24
铅渣	20.96	22.24	18.19	3.51	18.21	1.36	3.35	1.09	0.68	10.41

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表 2 原料的粒度分布组成

Table 2. Size distribution of raw materials

原料	比例/%
原料	−0.17～+0.14 mm	−0.14～+0.105 mm	−0.105～+0.074 mm	−0.074～+0.03 mm	−0.03 mm
矿渣	1.39	18.55	35.64	35.59	8.83
铅渣	12.43	24.66	30.70	26.18	6.03

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表 3 样品在不同过滤压力下的透水系数

Table 3. Permeability coefficient of the sample under different filtration pressures

过滤压力/MPa	透水系数/（cm·s⁻¹）
0	1.58
0.03	1.61
0.05	1.71
0.07	1.83
0.09	2.01
1.10	2.02

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表 4 样品重金属浸出浓度与相关标准要求

Table 4. Leaching concentration of heavy metals in ceramics and relevant standard requirement mg/L

项目	Cu	Pb	Cd	Cr	Zn
测定值	2.34	4.01	0.63	8.96	82.86
标准限值	3.00	5.00	1.00	15.00	100.00

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