Performance optimization of die casting aluminum alloy containing vanadium for mechanical parts
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摘要: 采用不同压射比压和压射速度进行了机械零件用含钒压铸铝合金Al-10Si-2.5Cu-0.3V的压铸试验，并进行了合金力学性能和耐磨损性能的测试与分析。结果表明：随压射比压由650 MPa增大到750 MPa、压射速度从250 mm/s加快到450 mm/s时，合金的力学性能和耐磨损性能均先提高后下降。合金的压射比压优选725 MPa、压射速度优选350 mm/s。与压射比压650 MPa相比，当压射比压增加到725 MPa时合金的抗拉强度增大18 MPa、断后伸长率减小0.6%、磨损体积减小8×10−3 mm3。与压射速度450 mm/s相比，当压射速度为350 mm/s时合金的抗拉强度增大20 MPa、断后伸长率减小0.7%、磨损体积减小了10×10−3 mm3。Abstract: The die-casting experiments of Al-10Si-2.5Cu-0.3V die-casting aluminum alloy containing vanadium for mechanical parts were carried out with different injection ratio and injection speed, and the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the alloy were tested and analyzed. The results show that the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the alloy increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of injection pressure from 650 MPa to 750 MPa and injection speed from 250 mm/s to 450 mm/s. The injection specific pressure and injection velocity of the alloy are 725 MPa and 350 mm/s, respectively. Compared with results from injection pressure of 650 MPa, when the injection pressure increases to 725 MPa, the tensile strength increases by 18 MPa, total elongation after fracture decreases by 0.6%, and the wear volume decreases by 8 ×10−3 mm3. Compared with results from injection rate of 450 mm/s, when the injection rate is 350 mm/s, the tensile strength of the alloy increases by 20 MPa, and total elongation after fracture decreases by 0.7%, and the wear volume decreases by 10×10−3 mm3.
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图 2 不同压射比压时试样的力学性能测试结果
Figure 2. Tensile test results of the specimens at different injection pressures
图 4 不同压射速度时试样的力学性能测试结果
Figure 4. Tensile test results of the specimens at different injection speeds
图 5 不同压射比压时试样的耐磨损性能测试结果
Figure 5. Wear test results of the specimens at different injection pressures
图 6 不同压射速度时试样的耐磨损性能测试结果
Figure 6. Wear test results of the specimens at different injection speeds
表 1 合金试样化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of the alloy specimens
% 试样 Si Cu V Mg Fe Mn Ni Zn Al 1 10.124 2.489 0.291 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 2 10.126 2.486 0.293 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 3 10.123 2.487 0.292 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 4 10.122 2.485 0.294 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 5 10.125 2.489 0.291 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 6 10.124 2.486 0.293 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 7 10.127 2.486 0.292 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 8 10.125 2.488 0.294 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 9 10.123 2.485 0.292 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 10（对比试样） 10.124 2.487 0 <0.2 <0.6 <0.3 <0.3 <0.6 Bal. 
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表 2 试样压铸工艺参数
Table 2. Die casting process parameters of the specimens
试样编号 压射比压/
MPa压射速度/
（mm·s−1）快压速度/
（m·s−1）浇注温度/
℃1 650 350 8 635 2 675 350 8 635 3 700 350 8 635 4 725 350 8 635 5 750 350 8 635 6 725 250 8 635 7 725 300 8 635 8 725 400 8 635 9 725 450 8 635 10（对比试样） 725 350 8 635
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表 3 添加钒对合金性能的影响
Table 3. The result show the effect of vanadium addition on mechanical properties of alloy
试样编号 抗拉强度/MPa 断后伸长率/% 磨损体积/mm3 4 256 1.5 13×10−3 10（对比试样） 235 1 24×10−3
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