Study on the regulation mechanism of valuable elements in the reduction process of vanadium-titanium magnetite marine placer
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摘要: 以印尼某钒钛磁铁海砂矿为研究对象，通过XRD分析探明其主要成分和物相组成，并在热力学分析基础上探讨了该矿的还原特性和有价元素变化规律。利用微波加热同时以生物质炭作为直接还原的还原剂对海砂矿进行还原-磨选试验，微波加热有利于强化海砂矿的还原过程。结果表明，在C/Fe为0.6，还原焙烧温度1200 ℃下还原150 min，可获得金属化率为98.28%的还原产物；在矿浆浓度50%，磨矿时间为40 min，磁场强度为0.08 T的条件下，可获得铁品位为85.1%、铁回收率94.01%的精矿粉，以及TiO2品位为28.95%，回收率为71.98%，V2O5品位为2.14%，回收率为56.82%的尾矿粉，有效实现了铁和钒钛的分离富集。Abstract: In this paper, a marine placer from Indonesia is used as the testing material. Its chemical composition and mineral composition were analyzed by XRD, and the reduction characteristics and the regulation mechanism of the valuable elements of the ore are discussed on the basis of thermodynamics. The reduction and grinding experiments of marine placer were carried out by microwave heating with biochar as the reducing agent for direct reduction. Microwave heating is beneficial to strengthen the reduction process of marine placer. The results show that the reduction product with 98.28% metallization rate can be obtained with the C/Fe ratio of 0.6 and the reduction temperature of 1 200 ℃ for 150 min. Under the conditions of 50% pulp concentration, 40 min grinding time and 0.08 T magnetic field intensity, the refined powder with iron grade of 85.1% and iron recovery of 94.01%, tailings powder with TiO2 grade of 28.95% and recovery of 71.98%, V2O5 grade of 2.14% and recovery of 56.82% can be obtained. The separation and enrichment of iron and vanadium-titanium are effectively realized.
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图 3 设备示意
1-竖式微波炉；2-测温热电偶；3-导气管；4-坩埚；5-称重装置；6-还原回转电炉；7-控制器
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the equipment
图 4 固体碳还原铁氧化物及含钛铁氧化物的气相平衡关系
Figure 4. Gas phase equilibrium diagram for reduction of iron oxide and ferrotitanium oxide by solid carbon
图 5 海砂矿中固体碳还原含钒氧化物的气相平衡关系
Figure 5. Gas phase equilibrium diagram for the reduction of vanadium-containing oxides by solid carbon in sea sand ore
图 6 温度对还原产物金属化率的影响
Figure 6. Effect of temperature on the metallization ratio of reduced products
图 7 温度对还原产物分离富集的影响
Figure 7. Effect of the temperature on the separation and enrichment of reduced products
图 8 C/Fe对还原产物金属化率的影响
Figure 8. Effect of C/Fe on the metallization ratio of reduced products
图 9 C/Fe对还原产物分离富集的影响
Figure 9. Effect of C/Fe on the separation and enrichment of reduced products
图 10 时间对还原产物金属化率的影响
Figure 10. Effect of the time on the metallization ratio of reduced products
图 11 时间对还原产物分离富集的影响
Figure 11. Effect of the time on the separation and enrichment of reduced products
图 13 海砂矿固态还原化学计算路径
Figure 13. Chemical calculation path for the solid reduction of marine sand ore
表 1 海砂矿的主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical compositions of marine placer
% TFe FeO Fe2O3 TiO2 V2O5 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO MnO S P 54.27 29.08 45.27 10.88 0.68 4.01 3.67 0.48 3.68 0.44 0.06 0.03 
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表 2 海砂矿主要矿物含量
Table 2. Main mineral content of marine placer
% 钛磁铁矿 钛赤铁矿 钛铁矿 辉石 83.21 6.93 1.87 5.61
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