真空感应悬浮熔炼（TiC+TiB）增强钛基复合材料组织及高温拉伸性能研究

王振玲*; 于玉城; 李睿智; 李强; 韩嘉平; 马兰

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.05.009

真空感应悬浮熔炼（TiC+TiB）增强钛基复合材料组织及高温拉伸性能研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.05.009

攀枝花学院钒钛学院，四川攀枝花 617000

基金项目: 四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2019YFG0082)；攀枝花市科学技术局项目(2018CY-G-9)；四川省教育厅重点项目（18ZA0295）；2019年大学生创新创业项目（S201911360060）

详细信息

作者简介:
王振玲*：王振玲，女，辽宁喀左人，博士，副教授，通讯作者，主要从事钛合金、铝合金材料相关研究工作，E-mail：28930016@qq.com。

中图分类号: TF823,TG146.23
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-24
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-30

Microstructure and high temperature tensile properties of (TiC+TiB) reinforced titanium matrix composites by vacuum induction suspension melting

College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 利用真空感应悬浮熔炼炉制备了（TiC+TiB）/Ti-6Al-4Sn-8Zr-0.8Mo-1.5Nb-1W-0.25Si复合材料，增强体占比分别为0%、2%、4%（体积比）。利用金相显微镜、SEM、XRD、TEM和高温拉伸试验机研究了其显微组织和高温拉伸性能。结果表明：钛合金主要由α-Ti相和Ti₂ZrAl相组成，Ti₂ZrAl相分布在α-Ti片层交界位置。同时，复合材料中还存在多边形块状TiC和TiB长晶须。钛合金组织为典型的魏氏组织，在β-Ti晶粒内α-Ti相长成近平行排列的长针状。钛基复合材料中随着增强体数量增加，α-Ti长径比显著减小，β-Ti晶粒细化。在650～700 ℃范围钛基复合材料强度显著提高，2%增强体复合材料在650 ℃强化效果最优，4%增强体复合材料在700 ℃强化效果最优。温度超过700 ℃后，增强体强化效果减弱。复合材料塑性总体较低。钛基复合材料强化方式为细晶强化、固溶强化和载荷传递强化。高温拉伸时钛基复合材料的断裂方式为脆性断裂。
- 钛基复合材料 /
- (TiC+TiB) /
- 真空感应悬浮熔炼 /
- 显微组织 /
- 高温拉伸性能
Abstract: (TiC+TiB)/Ti-6Al-4Sn-8Zr-0.8Mo-1.5Nb-1W-0.25Si titanium matrix composites were prepared by vacuum induction suspension melting, with the reinforcement composition volume ratio respectively at 0%, 2% and 4%. The microstructure and high temperature tensile properties of the composites were investigated by metallographic microscope, SEM, XRD, TEM and high temperature tensile testing machine. The results show that the titanium alloy is mainly composed of α-Ti phase and Ti₂ZrAl phase, and the Ti₂ZrAl phase is distributed at the junction of α-Ti flakes. In addition, there also exist polygonal bulk TiC and long TiB whiskers. The microstructure of the titanium alloy is typical widmandgren structure, and the α-Ti phase presents long needlelike shape with nearly parallel arrangement in the β-Ti grains. In titanium matrix composites, with the increase of reinforcement composition, the length to diameter ratio of α-Ti significantly decreases, and the grain size of β-Ti is refined. The strength of titanium matrix composites is increased significantly at 650～700 ℃. The best strengthening effect appears at 650 ℃ for the composites with 2% reinforcement composition while at 700 ℃ for the composites with 4% reinforcement composition. When the temperature exceeds 700 ℃, the strengthening effect of the reinforcement composition is weakened. The plasticity of the composites is generally low. The strengthening mechanism of the titanium matrix composites are attributed to the grain refinement, solid solution strengthening and load transfer strengthening. The fracture mode of the titanium matrix composites is brittle fracture under high temperature tensile conditions.
- titanium matrix composites /
- (TiC+TiB) /
- vacuum induction suspension melting /
- microstructure /
- high temperature tensile property

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图 1 铸件表层缺陷

Figure 1. The defects of the casting surface layer

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图 2 高温拉伸试样尺寸（单位：mm）

Figure 2. The size of high temperature tensile specimen

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图 3 钛基复合材料XRD图谱

Figure 3. XRD of titanium alloy and composite materials

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图 4 不同体积分数复合材料的显微组织

Figure 4. Microstructures of composites with different volume fractions of ( TiB+TiC) reinforcements

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图 5 钛基复合材料SEM显微组织及其标识部位EDS结果

Figure 5. SEM-EDS of the composites

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图 6 Ti-6Al-4Sn-8Zr-0.8Mo-1.5Nb-1W-0.25Si合金TEM组织、衍射斑点及α-Ti相EDS结果

Figure 6. TEM microstructure and the diffraction spot and of Ti-6Al-4Sn-8Zr-0.8Mo-1.5Nb-1W-0.25Si alloy, and EDS of α-Ti phase in the alloy

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图 7 复合材料强化率随温度变化

Figure 7. Variation of enhancement rate of the composites with the temperature

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图 8 钛基复合材料高温拉伸断口形貌

Figure 8. The tensile fracture morphology of titanium matrix composites

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表 1 不同增强体比例钛基复合材料中α-Ti相衍射峰位置

Table 1. Peak position of α-Ti phase in titanium matrix composite materials with different reinforcement composition ratios

标准α-Ti衍射峰位置/(°)	钛合金及复合材料衍射峰位置/(°)
标准α-Ti衍射峰位置/(°)	0BC	2BC	4BC
35.093	34.794	34.675	35.004
38.421	37.892	37.721	37.919
40.170	39.822	39.744	39.967
53.004	52.637	52.533	52.728
62.949	62.865	62.879	62.886
70.660	70.179	70.074	70.219
76.218	75.984	76.062	76.088
77.368	77.203	77.199	77.493
82.290	81.653	81.481	81.471
86.759	86.427	86.620	86.684
注：0BC、2BC、4BC分别代表增强体添加比例为0、2%、4%。

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表 2 钛基复合材料高温拉伸性能

Table 2. High temperature tensile properties of titanium matrix composites

编号	R_m/MPa			R_p0.2/MPa			A/%
编号	650 ℃	700 ℃	750 ℃	650 ℃	700 ℃	750 ℃	650 ℃	700 ℃	750 ℃
0BC	655.602	567.213	488.085	555.3	491.75	387.5	1.75	1.45	1.55
2BC	707.234	599.885	496.379	627.5	499.55	383.25	1.7	0.5	1.1
4BC	772.363	693.464	433.342	679.3	594.9	358.9	1.6	1.15	0.6
注：0BC、2BC、4BC分别代表增强体添加比例为0、2%、4%。

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