Analysis of causes of blockage of waste acid concentration heat exchanger in sulfuric acid process titanium dioxide
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摘要: 通过化学组成分析和XRD分析，明确了硫酸法钛白废酸换热器堵塞物为以硫酸钙、一水硫酸亚铁及偏钛酸为主的混合物，三者分别来源于20废酸中硫酸钙、硫酸亚铁及硫酸氧钛。在实验室研究了废酸温度及浓度对硫酸钙、硫酸亚铁及硫酸氧钛浓度的影响，研究结果表明：在废酸温度为107 ℃，废酸浓度由18.41%提升至49.93%时，硫酸钙、硫酸亚铁及硫酸氧钛的浓度分别由1.26、126.29、10.76 g/L降低至0.19、13.23、0.16 g/L。现场浓缩废酸各级的硫酸钙、硫酸亚铁及硫酸氧钛浓度变化规律及数据与实验室研究规律及数据基本一致。研究结果为后续解决换热器堵塞提供了重要的数据及理论支撑。Abstract: The blockage of the waste acid heat exchanger of sulfuric acid process titanium dioxide had been investigated through chemical composition analysis and XRD analysis, and caused by a mixture of calcium sulfate, ferrous sulfate monohydrate and meta-titanic acid. These mixture is derived from calcium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and titanyl sulfate in 20% waste acids. The influence of waste acid temperature and concentration on the concentration of calcium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and titanyl sulfate was studied in the laboratory. The results showed that when the waste acid temperature was 107 ℃ and the waste acid concentration increased from 18.41% to 49.93%, the concentration of calcium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and titanyl sulfate decreased from 1.26 g/L, 126.29 g/L and 10.76 g/L to 0.19 g/L, 13.23 g/L and 0.16 g/L, respectively. The concentration changing rule and data of calcium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and titanium oxysulfate in concentrated waste acid at all levels are basically consistent with those of laboratory research. The research results provide important data and theoretical support for the solution of heat exchanger blockage.
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Key words:
- sulfate process titanium dioxide /
- waste acid /
- concentration /
- heat exchanger /
- blockage
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图 3 温度对换热器堵塞物主要化学成分浓度的影响
Figure 3. The influence of temperature on the concentration of main chemical components in the blockage of heat exchanger
图 4 浓缩浓度对换热器堵塞物主要化学成分浓度的影响
Figure 4. The influence of H2SO4 concentration on the concentration of main chemical components in the blockage of heat exchanger
表 1 20废酸主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical components of 20 waste acid
g/L H2SO4 CaSO4 FeSO4 TiOSO4 MgSO4 MnSO4 Al2(SO4)3 H2SiO3 245.00 1.26 126.29 10.76 6.36 0.64 9.99 1.64 
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表 2 换热器堵塞物主要化学成分
Table 2. Main chemical components of heat exchanger blockage
% CaSO4 FeSO4 MnSO4 SiO2 H2TiO3 Al2(SO4)3 MgSO4 37.57 33.07 1.14 1.36 24.15 0.39 2.24
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表 3 现场废酸浓缩过程废酸成分变化
Table 3. Compositions change of waste acid during field concentration
样品 编号 温度/℃ H2SO4/% 废酸成分/(g·L−1) CaSO4 FeSO4 TiOSO4 20废酸 0-1 ~40 23.18 1.23 124.86 10.40 0-2 19.68 1.28 120.19 10.78 均值 21.43 1.26 122.52 10.59 一级浓缩酸 1-1 107 36.78 0.37 67.86 2.20 1-2 37.00 0.31 62.43 1.94 均值 36.89 0.34 65.14 2.07 二级浓缩酸 2-1 85 55.44 0.20 8.14 0.64 2-2 75 44.41 0.17 18.32 0.34 均值 80 49.93 0.19 13.24 0.50
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