Numerical simulation on interfacial behavior and mixing phenomena in three-phase argon-stirred ladles
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摘要: 采用多相流体积法，根据模型设计参数对某钢厂180 t钢包建立了氩气/钢液/钢渣三相流动数学模型，运用CFD软件Fluent模拟研究了钢包底吹氩气过程中的三相流界面行为及混合现象。基于流体力学理论，计算并分析了底吹氩搅拌钢液过程中双透气砖布置位置和底吹氩气流量对钢包内速度流场、钢-渣界面行为及混匀时间的影响规律。结果表明，在钢包底吹氩过程中，双透气砖的布置位置对钢包内流场效果影响较大，底吹氩气流量则对钢-渣界面行为及混匀时间影响较大。当双透气砖间夹角为135°、距包底中心距离为0.6R、底吹氩气流量为600 L/min时，钢包内流场分布较好，对钢液的搅拌效果最佳。Abstract: A three-phase flow mathematical model of argon/liquid steel/slag for a 180 ton ladle was established by using the multi-phase flow volume method according to design parameters of ladle. The interface behavior and mixing phenomena of three-phase flow in the process of bottom blowing argon in the ladle were simulated by CFD software Fluent. Based on the theory of hydrodynamics, the effects of arrangement of double permeable bricks and flow rate of bottom argon blowing on the velocity field, behavior of steel-slag interface and mixing time in ladle were calculated and analyzed. The results show that in the process of bottom argon blowing, the arrangement of double permeable bricks has a great influence on flow field in ladle, and the flow rate of bottom argon blowing has a great influence on behavior of steel slag interface and mixing time. When the angle between two permeable bricks is 135°, the distance from ladle bottom center is 0.6R, and argon flow rate is 600 L/min, flow field distribution in the ladle is better, which is beneficial to improve stirring efficiency of molten steel.
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Key words:
- ladle /
- bottom blowing argon /
- three-phase flow /
- interfacial behavior /
- mixing time /
- numerical simulation
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图 3 不同双透气砖布置位置时的速度流场
Figure 3. Velocity flow field diagram for different arrangement positions of double permeable bricks
图 4 不同双透气砖布置位置时的“死区”比例和混匀时间
Figure 4. Histogram of dead zone proportion for different arrangement positions of double permeable bricks
图 5 钢包内流体流动随时间变化的基本形貌（
$ \theta = $ 180°）Figure 5. Basic morphology of fluid flow in ladle changing with time（
$ \theta = $ 180°）
图 6 双透气砖间不同夹角时渣眼尺寸
Figure 6. Slag hole size at different angles between double permeable bricks
图 8 示踪剂浓度变化曲线及混匀时间（
$ \theta = $ 45°）Figure 8. Tracer concentration curves and mixing time（
$ \theta = $ 45°）
图 9 双透气砖距包底中心不同距离时速度流场
Figure 9. Velocity flow field for different center distances between double permeable bricks and the bottom of ladle
图 10 不同双透气砖中心距离时的“死区”比例及混匀时间
Figure 10. Histogram of dead zone proportion for different center distances between double permeable bricks and the bottom of ladle
图 11 不同双透气砖中心距离时的渣眼尺寸
Figure 11. Slag hole size for different center distances between double permeable bricks and the bottom of ladle
图 15 不同底吹气体流量时渣眼尺寸
Figure 15. Slag hole size under different bottom blowing gas flow rate
图 12 不同底吹气体流量时的速度流场
Figure 12. Velocity flow field diagram for different bottom blowing gas flow rates
图 13 不同底吹气体流量时的平均速度及平均湍动能
Figure 13. Average velocity and turbulent kinetic energy for different bottom blowing gas flow rates
图 14 不同双透气砖中心距离时的“死区”比例
Figure 14. Histogram of dead zone proportion for different bottom blowing gas flow rates
图 16 不同底吹气体流量时钢液面水平流速和混匀时间
Figure 16. Horizontal velocity of steel surface under different bottom blowing gas flow rates
表 1 经验常数值
Table 1. Empirical constant values used in this study
$ {C}_{1\epsilon } $ $ {C}_{2\epsilon } $ $ {C}_{3\epsilon } $ $ {C}_{\mu } $ $ {\sigma }_{k} $ $ {\sigma }_{\epsilon } $ 1.44 1.92 1.2 0.09 1.0 1.3 
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表 2 钢包模型参数
Table 2. Ladle model parameters
钢包顶部直径/mm 钢包底部直径/mm 钢液高度
/mm钢包高度
/mm渣层厚度
/mm透气砖直径
/mm3620 3000 3460 3960 150 120
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表 3 流体材料的物性参数
Table 3. Physical parameters of fluid materials
密度/（kg·m−3） 粘度/（Pa·s） 表面张力/（N·m−1） 氩气 钢液 钢渣 空气 氩气 钢液 钢渣 空气 钢液-钢渣 钢液-空气 钢渣-空气 1.6228 7020 3500 0.5 2.125$ \times $10−5 0.0055 0.06 8.9$ \times $10−5 1.2 1.82 0.58
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表 4 钢液表面水平流速度计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results of horizontal velocity on the surface of molten steel
渣/钢界面表面张力
（$ {\sigma }_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}-\mathrm{s}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{g}} $）/($\mathrm{N}\cdot {\mathrm{m} }^{-1}$)钢液表面水平流速度
（$ {v}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{l}} $）/($\mathrm{m}\cdot {\mathrm{s} }^{-1}$)1.2 0.59 0.12 0.34 0.012 0.18
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