原料粉末对NiTi的选区激光熔化成形件性能的影响

张亚伟; 施麒; 谭冲; 刘辛; 李贵发; 郑海忠

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.06.012

原料粉末对NiTi的选区激光熔化成形件性能的影响

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.06.012

张亚伟^{1, 2,},
施麒²,
谭冲²,
刘辛²,
李贵发¹,
郑海忠¹

1.
南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院, 江西南昌 330063
2.
广东省科学院新材料研究所, 国家钛及稀有金属粉末冶金工程技术研究中心, 广东省金属强韧化技术与应用重点实验室, 广东广州 510650

基金项目: 广东省科学院博士(后)计划引进专项（编号: 2020 GDASYL-20200103134，选区激光熔化制备适用于骨骼植入的多孔Ni50.8 Ti49.2材料）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张亚伟（1993—），男，河南商丘人，硕士研究生，主要从事NiTi合金的选区激光熔化技术研究，E-mail：643760696@qq.com

中图分类号: TF124,TH164
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-12
- 录用日期: 2021-11-19
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-31

Effects of raw powder on NiTi parts fabricated by selective laser melting

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Aviation University, Nanchang 330063, Jiangxi, China
2.
Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Powder Metallurgy of Titanium & Rare Metals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metal Toughening Technology and Application, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China

摘要

摘要: 分别以Ni+Ti元素混合粉末和NiTi预合金粉末为原料，采用选区激光熔化工艺打印成形。重点研究了在相同打印工艺参数下原料粉末对成形件致密度、物相组成、显微组织、显微硬度的影响，从而反馈说明所用打印粉末对成形件性能的影响。结果表明：在相同打印工艺参数下，整体上NiTi预合金粉末成形件的致密度较高，而Ni+Ti 混合粉末成形件的显微硬度较高。对于同一种粉末，随着能量密度的增大，成形件的致密度先增大后减小，而显微硬度先减小后增大。NiTi预合金粉末成形件有致密的微观结构且相分布均匀，但存在少量孔隙。Ni+Ti 混合粉末成形件的微观结构有和构建方向垂直的贯穿式裂纹以及不均匀的基体相，但几乎没有孔隙。
- 选区激光熔化 /
- Ni+Ti混合粉末 /
- NiTi预合金粉末 /
- 致密度 /
- 显微硬度
Abstract: In this study, Ni + Ti mixed powder and NiTi pre-alloyed powder were used to print by selective laser melting process. The effects of raw material powder on the density, phase composition, microstructure and microhardness of formed parts under the identical processing parameters are studied, so as to feedback the effects of raw powder on the properties of formed parts. The results showed that under the identical processing parameters, the density of the formed parts fabricated by NiTi pre-alloyed powder was higher, while the microhardness of Ni + Ti mixed powder formed parts was higher. For the same powder, with increase of energy density, density of the formed parts first increased and then decreased, while microhardness first decreased and then increased. NiTi pre-alloyed powder formed parts had dense microstructure and uniform phase distribution, but there presented several pores. The microstructure of Ni + Ti mixed powder formed parts has through cracks perpendicular to the construction direction and uneven matrix phase, but there are almost no pores in the structure.
- selective laser melting /
- Ni+Ti mixed powder /
- NiTi pre-alloyed powder /
- density /
- microhardness

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图 1 (a) NiTi预合金粉末的形貌；(b) Ni+Ti混合粉末的形貌

Figure 1. (a) Morphology of NiTi pre-alloyed powder； (b) Morphology of Ni + Ti mixed powder

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图 2 致密度随能量密度的变化

Figure 2. Relative density varies with the energy density

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图 3 SLM成形件的XRD图谱

(a) NiTi预合金粉末成形件；(b) Ni+Ti混合粉末成形件

Figure 3. XRD patterns of SLM formed parts

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图 4 不同能量密度下NiTi预合金粉末成形件的微观结构

Figure 4. Microstructure of NiTi alloy powder formed parts under different energy densities

a (a'): 39.68 J/mm³; b (b'): 46.29 J/mm³; c (c'): 55.55 J/mm³; d (d'): 83.66 J/mm³

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图 5 NiTi预合金粉末成形件微观结构的EDS

Figure 5. EDS of microstructure of NiTi alloy powder formed parts

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图 6 不同能量密度下Ni+Ti 混合粉末成形件的微观结构

Figure 6. Microstructure of Ni + Ti mixed powder formed parts under different energy densities

a (a'): 39.68 J/mm³; b (b'): 46.29 J/mm³; c (c'): 55.55 J/mm³; d (d'): 83.66 J/mm³

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图 7 (a) Ni+Ti 混合粉末成形件裂纹区域的BSE形貌，(b) (c)在（a）中从“A”点到“B”点的EDS线扫描

Figure 7. (a) BSE image of crack area of Ni + Ti mixed powder formed parts, (b) (c) EDS line scan from point "A" to point "B" in (a)

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图 8 图7（a）中方框区域的放大

Figure 8. The magnification of the rectangular area in Fig. 7(a)

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图 9 显微硬度随能量密度的变化

Figure 9. Variation of microhardness with energy density

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表 1 原料粉末的杂质含量及粒度

Table 1. Impurity content and particle size of the raw material powders

原料粉末	w/%			D₁₀/µm	D₅₀/µm	D₉₀/µm
原料粉末	C	H	O	D₁₀/µm	D₅₀/µm	D₉₀/µm
NiTi	～0.0015	～0.0003	～0.006	21.90	33.60	49.80
Ni	～0.0034	～0.0006	～0.0250	10.6	23.5	43.3
Ti	～0.0046	～0.0014	～0.0560	26.3	44.0	86.2

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表 2 选区激光熔化工艺参数

Table 2. Experimental parameters of selective laser melting

层	P/W	v/(mm·s⁻¹)	h/µm	t/µm	E/(J·mm⁻³)
1	50	350	120	30	39.68
2	50	300	120	30	46.29
3	50	250	120	30	55.55
4	50	166	120	30	83.66

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表 3 Ni+Ti 混合粉末成形件微观结构的不同区域的Ni/Ti

Table 3. Ni/ Ti in different regions of microstructure of Ni + Ti mixed powder formed parts

区域	y/%
区域	Ti	Ni	合计
点数据1	99.62	0.38	100.00
点数据 2	73.93	26.07	100.00
点数据 3	39.98	60.02	100.00
点数据 4	39.46	60.54	100.00
面数据 5	44.25	55.75	100.00
面数据 6	42.49	57.51	100.00

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