薄壁TC4钛合金激光焊缝成型与性能调控研究进展

于航; 李军兆; 张望成; 孙清洁

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2022.01.009

薄壁TC4钛合金激光焊缝成型与性能调控研究进展

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2022.01.009

于航^1,,
李军兆¹,
张望成¹,
孙清洁^{1, 2}

1.
湖南湘投金天新材料有限公司, 湖南益阳413057
2.
哈尔滨工业大学(威海), 山东威海 264209)

基金项目: 湖南省科技创新计划项目(S2021 GXKJCX0287)。

详细信息

作者简介:
于航（1995—），男，黑龙江哈尔滨人，硕士生，工程师，研究方向：激光焊接的应用，E-mail: 032@goldskycn.com

中图分类号: TF823,TG456.7
计量
- 文章访问数: 325
- HTML全文浏览量: 16
- PDF下载量: 53
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-15
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-24
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-28

Research progress of weld formation and performance control of thin plate TC4 titanium alloy by laser welding

1.
Hunan Xiangtou Goldsky New Materials Co., Ltd., Yiyang 413057, Hunan, China
2.
Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China

摘要

摘要: TC4钛合金的焊接工艺及焊接性研究一直受到国内外的广泛关注，主要综述了目前激光焊工艺对薄壁TC4钛合金焊缝几何形状、显微组织及力学性能影响的研究进展。简要分析了激光焊接工艺对焊缝几何形状及焊缝显微组织转变的规律，并对焊缝几何形状和显微组织的转变机理进行了探讨。研究发现，激光焊焊缝几何形状的变化主要原因在于焊接热输入的变化导致焊接过程中激光焊匙孔形状及模式发生了改变；焊接热输入的增加会引起显微组织的转变，焊缝金属中针状马氏体α'相是主要的强化相，块状α_m和魏氏α相是主要的韧性相；应对激光能量进行严格的控制，以便在实际生产应用中提高焊接质量。
- TC4 /
- 激光焊接 /
- 焊缝几何形状 /
- 显微组织 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: The research on welding process and weldability of TC4 titanium alloy has been widely concerned at home and abroad. Therefore, this paper mainly reviewed the current research progress of the effect of laser welding process on the geometrical dimensions, microstructure and mechanical properties of thin plate TC4 alloy. The weld geometrical dimension and microstructure transformation as well as the related mechanism were analyzed and discussed. It is found that the change of weld geometrical dimension is mainly due to the variation of welding heat input, which leads to the change of laser welding keyhole shape and mode. The increase of welding heat input causes the transformation of the microstructure. The acicular martensite α' phase is the main strengthening phase, with the blocky αm and Widmanstatten α phase as the main malleable phases. The laser energy should be strictly controlled to improve the welding quality in actual production applications.
- TC4 /
- laser welding /
- weld geometrical dimension /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties

HTML全文

图 1 不同强度激光作用于金属表面的物理过程^[36]

(a) 固态加热; (b) 表面熔化; (c) 匙孔效应; (d) 等离子体屏蔽

Figure 1. Physical processes of laser of different intensities acting on metal surface

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 匙孔穿透模式及焊缝形貌示意^{[41, 46-47]}

(a)和(b) 闭合匙孔模式; (c) 闭合匙孔焊缝形貌; (d)和(e) 开放匙孔模式; (f) 开放匙孔焊缝形貌

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of keyhole penetration mode and weld morphology

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图 3 焊接速度对焊缝几何形状的影响^{[12, 42]}

(a) X形焊缝; (b) V形焊缝

Figure 3. The influence of welding speed on weld geometrical dimension

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图 4 激光脉冲工艺参数对焊缝几何形状的影响^{[24, 50]}

(a) 峰值功率； (b) 重叠因子

Figure 4. The influence of laser pulse process parameters on weld geometrical dimension

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图 5 硬度分布变化^[59]

(a) 脉冲能量； (b) 焊接速度

Figure 5. Variation of hardness distribution

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图 6 不同焊接速度下焊缝金属力学性能^[63]

(a) 抗拉强度; (b) 延伸率

Figure 6. Mechanical properties of weld metal with different welding speeds

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图 7 焊接速度对焊缝金属显微组织和硬度的影响^[10]

(a) 马氏体晶粒面积和显微硬度; (b) 晶粒取向和晶界

Figure 7. The effect of welding speed on the microstructure and hardness of the weld metal^[10]

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图 8 不同热输入下焊接接头显微组织及维氏硬度变化^[51]

(a) 显微组织； (b) 维氏硬度

Figure 8. Microstructure and Vickers hardness changes of welded joints under different heat input^[51]

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图 9 不同焊接速度下焊缝区晶粒宽度及显微硬度^[67]

(a) 焊缝区大角度晶界变化; (b) 焊缝区显微硬度曲线

Figure 9. Grain width and microhardness of weld zone at different welding speeds^[67]

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图 10 TC4钛合金组织转变示意^{[17, 53]}

(a) TC4 β 1050 ℃固溶处理连续冷却转变; (b) 焊缝区热循环和相转变; (c)热影响区的热循环和相转变

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of TC4 titanium alloy microstructure transformation

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图 11 焊态、SRA和STA条件下三个不同区域的平均硬度

Figure 11. Average hardness of the three different zones in as-welded, SRA, and STA conditions^[75]

(a) 3.2 mm; (b) 5.1 mm

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表 1 不同焊接速度下熔池几何形状的比较^[43]

Table 1. Comparison of the geometry of the molten pool for various welding speeds

编号	焊接速度/(m·min⁻¹)	焊缝宽度/mm	焊缝深度/mm	热影响区宽度 (板厚=1 mm)/mm	热影响区厚度(板厚=1.5 mm)/mm
1	2	1.51	完全焊透	0.86	0.79
2	4.3	1.26	完全焊透	0.74	0.7
3	6.2	0.93	0.89	0.59	0.48

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表 2 焊接接头拉伸力学性能^{[60, 64, 11]}

Table 2. Tensile mechanical properties of welded joints

编号	激光功率/W	焊接速度/(m·min⁻¹)	抗拉强度/MPa	延伸率/%	断裂位置	参考文献
1	1100	2.0	1029	7.3	母材	[60]
2	1100	3.0	1007	6.5	母材
5	1200	2.0	1011	7.3	母材
4	1300	3.0	1066	8.4	母材
5	1350	1.2	1126	10.0	母材	[64]
6	1450	1.2	1178	7.7	母材
7	1550	1.2	1168	6.7	母材
8	4000	3.0	979	10.2	母材	[11]
9	4500	3.0	964	11.5	母材
10	4000	3.5	967	9.3	母材

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表 3 不同厚度下TC4钛合金的激光焊接工艺参数

Table 3. Laser welding process parameters of TC4 titanium alloy with different thicknesses

编号	厚度/mm	学者	年份	焊接参数				参考文献
编号	厚度/mm	学者	年份	激光功率/W	焊接速度/(m·min⁻¹)	离焦量/mm	焊接保护气	参考文献
1	0.5	杨烁等人	2019	430	1.5	3	Ar	[15]
2	0.8	杨静等人	2007	1300	3	0.5		[60]
3	1.2	张颖云等人	2019	1200	1.5	3	Ar	[70]
4	1.2	姜毅等人	2020	1200	1.4	1	Ar	[8]
5	2.0	徐洁洁	2009	2500	6		He	[54]
6	2.0	Campanelli .et al	2015	1200	2.25		Ar+He	[63]
7	2.1	李仲树等人	2017	1550	1.5	0	Ar	[64]
8	3.0	张启良	2014	2300	0.4	0	Ar	[1]
9	3.0	李明军等人	2017	2300	3.3	0	Ar	[12]
10	3.0	李海刚等人	2017	2100	1.2	0	Ar	[14]
11	3.5	黄炜等人	2019	4000	3	0	Ar	[11]
12	4.0	Köse .et al	2017	1500	0.36		He	[51]
13	4.0	陈波等人	2021	4000	1.2	0		[16]

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表 4 激光焊接接头及多次热处理后的力学性能^[74]

Table 4. Mechanical properties of laser welded joints after multiple heat treatment

多次热处理	抗拉强度/MPa	屈服强度/MPa	延伸率/%
焊态	1139	1080	10.9
1	1124	1056	9.6
2	1133	1086	10.1
3	1123	1023	10.4
4	1144	1084	9.6

下载: 导出CSV

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