Influence of forging equipment on microstructure and mechanical properties of TA15 titanium alloy
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摘要: 采用Deform软件对TA15钛合金在液压和锤压锻造条件下的变形进行模拟并采用两种锻造设备进行生产对比，结果表明：采用Deform软件液压模块对TA15钛合金进行锻造，等效应变沿厚度方向呈对称分布，中心位置等效应变最大，而采用锤击模块进行模拟，近下模位置等效应变较小，近上模具位置等效应变较大。TA15钛合金锻件中心位置片层α相厚度均粗于表层片层α相，采用400 kJ对击锤生产的TA15钛合金锻件，相较于100 MN油压机生产锻件，片层α相厚度较小。TA15钛合金锻件表层位置抗拉强度均高于其中心位置，采用400 kJ对击锤生产的TA15钛合金锻件抗拉强度较高。Abstract: Deform software were employed to simulate hydraulic press and hammer press forging processes of TA15 titanium alloy, and two kinds of forging equipment were used to produce TA15 titanium alloy forgings. The results show that when hydraulic module of deform software is used to deform TA15 titanium alloy, the equivalent strain distributes symmetrically along the thickness direction, and the equivalent strain at the center is the largest. However, the equivalent effect near the lower die becomes smaller and the equivalent effect near the upper die becomes larger. The center thickness of lamellar α phase is higher than that of surface. The thickness of lamellar α phase is fine than produced by 400 kJ counter hammer of TA15 titanium alloy. The tensile strength of TA15 titanium alloy forgings at the surface is higher than that of center. The tensile strength of TA15 titanium alloy forging produced by 400 kJ counter hummer is higher.
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Key words:
- TA15 titanium alloy /
- forging equipment /
- deform simulation /
- lamellar α phase /
- mechanical properties
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图 2 TA15钛合金不同锻造设备条件Deform模拟等效应变分布
(a) 400 kJ对击锤; (b) 100 MN油压机
Figure 2. The deform simulate equivalent strain of TA15 titanium alloy at various deformation equipments
图 3 不同锻造设备条件下锻件3D显微组织
(a) 400 kJ对击锤; (b) 100 MN油压机
Figure 3. The 3 direction microstructure of TA15 titanium alloy at various deformation equipments
图 4 不同锻造设备TA15钛合金锻件沿厚度方向显微组织
(a) 400 kJ对击锤锻造后锻件表面; (b) 400 kJ对击锤锻造后锻件心部; (c) 100 MN油压机锻造后锻件表层; (d) 100 MN油压机锻造后锻件心部
Figure 4. The microstructure of TA15 titanium alloy along thickness at various deformation equipments
表 1 TA15钛合金化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of TA15 titanium alloy
% Ti Al V Mo Zr C Fe Si O N H Bal. 6.83 2.26 1.81 2.22 0.006 0.047 0.024 0.11 0.006 0.0025 
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表 2 TA15钛合金锻件变形参数
Table 2. The experiments conditions of TA15 titanium alloy forging deformation
试验条件 润滑方式 模具温度/℃ 加热温度/℃ 变形量/% 锤击模块 0.3 300 975 35 液压模块 0.3 300 975 35 400 kJ对击锤 石墨粉 300 975 35 100 MN油压机 石墨粉 300 975 35 注：Deform软件进行锤击模拟时，采用总打击能量的70%；400 kJ对击锤的变形采用0.7 GPa风压；Deform软件进行液压模拟和100 MN油压机锻造均采用1 mm/s变形速率。
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表 3 不同锻造设备条件下不同取样位置TA15钛合金锻件力学性能
Table 3. The mechanical properties of TA15 titanium alloy at various deformation equipments and sampling location
锻造设备 Rm/MPa Rp0.2/MPa A/% Z/% 取样位置 400 kJ对击锤 991 920 15.0 47 位置1 980 895 16.5 46 位置2 100 MN油压机 965 877 18.0 49 位置1 945 836 17 49 位置2 注：位置1指厚度方向距离下模20 mm处；位置2指厚度方向中心位置。
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