Effect of vanadium content on microstructure and precipitation of rare earth treated X80 linepipe steels
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摘要: 针对国内某X80管线钢的抗腐蚀问题，在加入稀土（0.02%）处理后，设计三种不同钒含量（0.05%、0.10%、0.15%）的试验钢,通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜（SEM）、Thermo-Calc热力学软件、Fatesage7.0热力学软件、透射电子显微镜-能谱仪(TEM-EDS)等试验仪器对钢中组织和夹杂物的观察分析，论述了稀土在钢中对针状铁素体的生成机理。通过热力学计算，研究不同钒含量梯度对试验钢微观组织和析出相的影响。通过电化学技术检测了不同钒含量试验钢在（3.5%）NaCl溶液中抗腐蚀性能。结果表明：稀土可以变质夹杂物，诱导针状铁素体的形成。钒可以细化晶粒，从而起到细晶强化的作用。通过透射电镜观察，析出相的数量和平均尺寸都随着钒含量的增加而增加，有效起到钉扎作用，从而提高钢的强度。通过极化曲线和交流阻抗曲线看出，试验钢的抗腐蚀性能随着钒含量的增加先增强后减弱。钒促进铁素体的形成，晶粒过细反而导致抗腐蚀性能减弱。Abstract: In order to improve the corrosion resistance of X80 linepipe steel, different vanadium content (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%) was added into a rare earth (0.02%) treated X80 linepipe steel. Optical microscope (OM), cold field emission scanning electron microscope, thermodynamic software Thermo-CalC, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (TEM-EDS) had been used to investigate the structure and inclusions in steel to reveal formation mechanism of acicular ferrite in rare earth treated steel. Besides, the effects of different vanadium content gradients on the microstructure and precipitation of the experimental steels had been studied by thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of experimental steels with different vanadium content in NaCl (3.5%) solution was tested by electrochemical technology. The results indicate that rare earth can bring inclusion modification and facilitate the formation of acicular ferrite. Vanadium can achieve grain refinement. The transmission electron microscope shows a positive correlation between the number and average size of precipitates and vanadium content, which causes a pinning effect and improves the strength of steel. The polarization curve and the AC impedance curve suggest that the corrosion resistance of the experimental steel is initially increased and then decreased with the increase of vanadium content. Vanadium can accelerate the formation of ferrite, which in turn lead to lower corrosion resistance ability due to refine grains.
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图 1 锻态微观组织
(a) OM ，V1钢；(b) OM ，V2钢；(c) OM ，V3钢；(d) SEM， V1钢；(e) SEM ，V2钢；(f) SEM ，V3钢
Figure 1. OM microstructure and SEM of experimental steels
图 2 Factsage计算V2钢中夹杂物生成与温度间的关系
Figure 2. Relationship between inclusions formation and temperature in V2 steel calculated by Factsage
图 3 V2试验钢中有效夹杂物的形态与成分分析
Figure 3. Morphology and composition analysis of effective inclusions in V2 experimental steel
图 4 三种试验钢中平衡相与温度的关系
(a) V1钢；(b) V2钢；(c) V3钢
Figure 4. Relationship between equilibrium phase and temperature in three experimental steel
图 5 三种试验钢中析出相的形貌和能谱
(a)、(d) V1钢，(b)、(e) V2钢；(c)、(f) V3钢
Figure 5. Morphology and energy spectrum of precipitates in three experimental steel
图 6 三种试验钢中析出相形貌及尺寸分布
(a)、(d)V1钢；(b)、(e)V2钢；(c)、(f)V3钢
Figure 6. Morphology and size distribution of precipitated phase in three experimental steels
图 7 三种试验钢在3.5% (质量分数) NaCl溶液中腐蚀后的极化曲线
Figure 7. Polarization curves of the three experimental steels after corrosion in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution
图 8 三种试验钢在3.5%NaCl 溶液中腐蚀后的Nyquist谱
Figure 8. Nyquist diagram of three experimental steels corroded in 3.5%NaCl solution
表 1 三种试验钢的主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical compositions of the three experimental steels
% 编号 C Si Mn S Mo Nb Ti Mo Ce V V1 0.04 0.14 1.67 0.0034 0.094 0.013 0.0084 0.094 0.0168 0.045 V2 0.04 0.14 1.67 0.0038 0.094 0.014 0.0084 0.094 0.0171 0.092 V3 0.04 0.14 1.67 0.0039 0.095 0.014 0.0085 0.095 0.0165 0.134 
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表 2 三种试验钢中V（C,N）平衡相的析出温度以及最大析出摩尔分数
Table 2. Precipitation temperature and maximum precipitation mole fraction of the V（C,N）in the three experimental steels
钢种 析出温度/℃ 最大析出摩尔分数 V1 743 6.92×10−4 V2 778 1.52×10−3 V3 790 2.1×10−3
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表 3 试验钢腐蚀极化曲线的拟合参数
Table 3. Fitting parameters of corrosion polarization curve of experimental steel
钢种 腐蚀电位/mV 腐蚀电流密度/(μA·cm−2) V1 −397.070 834.122 V2 −491.586 0.07 V3 −554.455 60.204
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