50 mm厚板TC4及TA17钛合金真空电子束焊接工艺研究

李大东; 白威; 邓健; 陈容; 耿乃涛

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2022.03.007

50 mm厚板TC4及TA17钛合金真空电子束焊接工艺研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2022.03.007

钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室, 攀钢集团研究院有限公司, 四川攀枝花 617000

详细信息

作者简介:
李大东（1963—），男，四川峨眉山人，教授级高工，研究方向：钛材真空电子束焊接工艺，E-mail: pzhpyyldd@163.com

中图分类号: TG456.3,TF823
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-30

Study on vacuum electron beam welding process of 50 mm thick plate TC4 and TA17 titanium alloys

State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 采用JMATPRO热力学软件，在分析TC4和TA17钛合金的密度、比热和导热率等特性的基础上，开展了厚度50 mm的TC4和TA17钛合金真空电子束焊接试验，设计了高压和中压加速电压，不同焊接束流和焊接速度的参数变化，研究了焊接工艺参数对焊缝熔宽和熔深及焊缝成形系数的影响作用。试验结果表明，相同焊接工艺参数条件下TC4钛合金的熔深和焊缝成形系数较TA17高，焊接束流对熔深和焊缝成形系数影响能力最为突出，加速电压150 kV的高压更适合于大厚板钛合金的真空电子束焊接。
- 钛合金 /
- TC4 /
- TA17 /
- 真空电子束焊接
Abstract: Based on the analysis of the density, specific heat and thermal conductivity of TC4 and TA17 titanium alloys by using JMATPRO thermodynamic software, the vacuum electron beam welding experiments of TC4 and TA17 titanium alloys with a thickness of 50 mm were carried out. The parameters of high and medium voltage accelerating voltage, different welding beam current and welding speed were designed. The effects of welding process parameters on weld width, penetration and weld forming coefficient were studied. The test results show that the penetration and weld forming coefficient of TC4 titanium alloy are higher than TA17 under the same welding process parameters. The influence of welding beam current on penetration and weld forming coefficient is the most prominent. The high voltage of accelerating voltage 150 kV is more suitable for vacuum electron beam welding of large and thick titanium alloys.
- titanium alloys /
- TC4 /
- TA17 /
- vacuum electron beam welding

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图 1 焊缝垫板

Figure 1. Weld backing plate

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图 2 TC4和TA17钛合金热物理参数曲线

Figure 2. Thermophysical parameter curves of TC4 and TA17 titanium alloys

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图 3 TC4及TA17钛合金焊缝外观形貌

Figure 3. Appearance of TC4 and TA17 titanium alloys weld

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图 4 TC4焊缝截面宏观形貌

Figure 4. Macroscopic morphology of TC4 weld section

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图 5 TA17焊缝截面宏观形貌

Figure 5. Macroscopic morphology of TA17 weld section

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表 1 TC4和TA17钛合金化学成分分析结果

Table 1. Chemical compositions of TC4 and TA17 titanium alloys %

牌号	Al	V	C	Fe	O	H	N	Ti
TC4	6.26	4.02	0.016	0.110	0.120	0.0006	0.0066	余量
TA17	3.90	2.57	0.012	0.026	0.070	0.0006	0.0060	余量

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表 2 25~1800 ℃温度区间内钛合金热物理参数对比

Table 2. Comparison of thermophysical parameters of titanium alloys in the temperature range of 25~1800 ℃

材料	温度/℃	密度/(g·cm⁻³)	比热/(J·g⁻¹·℃⁻¹)	热导率/(W·m⁻¹·℃⁻¹)
TC4	25	4.42	0.55	5.75
	500	4.36	0.67	14.39
	1000	4.31	0.66	24.21
	1500	4.22	0.77	32.23
	1670	4.18	1.14	34.96
	1800	3.99	0.98	33.67
TA17	25	4.45	0.54	8.72
	500	4.39	0.66	14.92
	1000	4.34	0.65	23.41
	1500	4.25	0.76	30.68
	1670	4.21	1.28	33.18
	1800	4.04	0.97	32.22

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表 3 TC4及TA17电子束焊接工艺参数及焊缝成形情况

Table 3. EBW process parameters and weld forming situation of TC4 and TA17

试样编号	加速电压/ kV	束流/ mA	上聚焦电流/ mA	下聚焦电流/ mA	焊接速度/ (mm·min⁻¹)	热输入/ (kJ·cm⁻¹)	焊件背面成形情况
C1	150	60	400	510	150	36.0	试板背面未焊透
A1	150	60	400	510	150	36.0	试板背面未焊透
C2	150	70	400	510	150	42.0	试板背面未焊透
A2	150	70	400	510	150	42.0	试板背面未焊透
C3	150	80	400	510	150	48.0	垫板敲掉，垫板无匙孔
A3	150	80	400	510	150	48.0	垫板敲掉，垫板无匙孔
C4	150	85	400	510	150	51.0	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板无匙孔
A4	150	85	400	510	150	51.0	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板无匙孔
C11	150	90	400	510	150	54.0	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板上有密集匙孔
A11	150	90	400	510	150	54.0	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板上未出现匙孔
C12	150	90	400	510	200	40.5	无垫板，试板焊漏长度95 mm
A12	150	90	400	510	200	40.5	无垫板，焊漏长度65 mm
C13	150	90	400	510	200	40.5	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板上有一个匙孔
A13	150	90	400	510	200	40.5	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板上无匙孔
C14	150	90	400	510	250	32.4	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板无匙孔
A14	150	90	400	510	250	32.4	垫板敲掉，试板上有密集匙孔
C21	150	90	400	510	300	27.0	垫板与试板焊为一体，无匙孔
A21	150	90	400	510	300	27.0	垫板脱离，试板后段密集匙孔
C22	85	90	370	330	150	30.6	垫板取掉，试板背面未焊透
A22	85	90	370	330	150	30.6	垫板取掉，试板背面未焊透
C23	85	120	370	330	150	40.8	垫板取掉，试板背面未焊透
A23	85	120	370	330	150	40.8	垫板取掉，试板背面未焊透
C24	85	140	370	330	150	47.6	垫板与试板焊为一体，无匙孔
A24	85	140	370	330	150	47.6	垫板与试板焊为一体，无匙孔
C31	85	150	370	330	150	51.0	垫板与试板焊为一体，无匙孔
A31	85	150	370	330	150	51.0	垫板与试板焊为一体，无匙孔
C32	85	160	370	330	150	54.4	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板上有少量匙孔
A32	85	160	370	330	150	54.4	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板上有几个匙孔
C33	85	170	370	330	150	57.8	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板后端有密集匙孔
A33	85	170	370	330	150	57.8	垫板与试板焊为一体，垫板后端有几处匙孔

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表 4 TC4和TA17电子束焊接不同焊接流速下的熔宽、熔深及焊缝系数

Table 4. Weld width, penetration and weld forming coefficient of TC4 and TA17 using EBW at different welding beam current

材料	加速电压 /kV	焊接速度/（mm·min⁻¹）	焊接束流 /mA	熔宽 /mm	熔深 /mm	焊缝成形系数
TC4	150	150	60	26.21	29.98	1.14
			70	22.61	38.27	1.69
			80	27.90	49.11	1.76
			85	22.60	52.90	2.34
			90	23.42	59.40	2.54
	85	150	90	17.48	34.40	1.97
			120	19.08	44.80	2.35
			140	20.44	49.20	2.41
			150	22.42	54.40	2.43
			160	21.77	54.80	2.52
			170	23.87	61.70	2.58
TA17	150	150	60	26.18	28.10	1.07
			70	26.80	34.40	1.28
			80	26.83	47.80	1.78
			85	27.14	53.0	1.95
			90	25.68	58.60	2.28
	85	150	90	18.45	32.60	1.77
			120	20.30	44.10	2.17
			140	23.62	52.80	2.24
			150	23.20	56.98	2.46
			160	23.30	64.22	2.76
			170	25.48	63.04	2.47

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表 5 TC4和TA17电子束焊接不同焊接速度下的熔宽、熔深及焊缝系数

Table 5. Weld width, penetration and weld forming coefficient of TC4 and TA17 using EBW at different welding speed

材料	加速电压 /kV	焊接束流 /mA	焊接速度/（mm·min⁻¹）	熔宽 /mm	熔深 /mm	焊缝成形系数
TC4	150	90	150	23.42	59.40	2.54
			200	18.29	58.90	3.22
			250	15.33	58.50	3.82
			300	16.14	50.0	3.10
TA17	150	90	150	25.68	58.60	2.28
			200	26.18	55.70	2.13
			250	18.13	50.40	2.78
			300	16.40	49.60	3.02

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参考文献(4)

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