国外某海滨砂矿综合回收试验研究

梁焘茂; 杨招君; 钟森林; 洪秋阳; 吴城材; 王丰雨; 张超达

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2022.03.015

国外某海滨砂矿综合回收试验研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2022.03.015

梁焘茂^{1, 2, 3,},
杨招君^{1, 2, 3},
钟森林^{1, 2, 3, ,},
洪秋阳^{1, 2},
吴城材^{1, 2, 3},
王丰雨^{1, 2, 3},
张超达^{1, 2, 3}

1.
广东省科学院资源利用与稀土开发研究所, 广东广州 510651
2.
稀有金属分离与综合利用国家重点实验室, 广东广州 510651
3.
广州粤有研矿物资源科技有限公司, 广东广州 510651

基金项目: 广东省科学院发展专项资金项目（2022GDASZH-2022010104）。

详细信息

作者简介:
梁焘茂（1995—），男，江西吉安人，助理工程师，硕士，主要从事矿物加工工程及资源综合利用方面的研究，E-mail：liangtaomao@126.com

通讯作者:
钟森林（1984—），男，江西赣州人，工程师，主要从事选矿工艺、设备开发及资源综合利用方面的研究，E-mail：170446587@qq.com

中图分类号: TD98
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-18
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-30

Experimental study on comprehensive recovery of a beach placer ore abroad

Liang Taomao^{1, 2, 3
,},
Yang Zhaojun^{1, 2, 3},
Zhong Senlin^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
Hong Qiuyang^{1, 2},
Wu Chengcai^{1, 2, 3},
Wang Fengyu^{1, 2, 3},
Zhang Chaoda^{1, 2, 3}

1.
Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510651, Guangdong, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Separation and Comprehensive Utilization of Rare Metal, Guangzhou 510651, Guangdong, China
3.
Guangzhou Yueyouyan Mineral Resources Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510651, Guangdong, China

摘要

摘要: 国外某海滨砂矿富含钛铁矿、锆石、独居石等多种有用矿物。钛铁矿矿物经历蚀变，部分锆石表面被铁污染，矿物磁、电性质发生变化，较为难选。采用筛选—螺旋溜槽一粗一扫工艺预富集重矿物，获得产率23.78%，Fe、TiO₂、REO、Zr(Hf)O₂品位分别为25.76%、43.73%、0.44%、2.83%，回收率分别为93.70%、93.11%、78.32%、93.64%的重砂。针对重砂，采用弱磁选铁—高梯度强磁选一粗一精一扫，分离出部分磁性较强钛精矿，强磁中矿采用摇床—干式磁选—电选流程分离出独居石精矿和另一部分磁性较弱钛精矿，强磁尾矿进行摇床选锆—锆粗精矿进行电选除杂，从而分离出铁精矿、钛精矿、独居石精矿和锆精矿产品。相对重砂，精矿与中矿中TiO₂、REO、Zr(Hf)O₂综合回收率分别为99.16%、67.71%、89.56%，实现了有用矿物的综合回收。研究结果可为类似海滨砂矿的开发和综合回收提供参考。
- 海滨砂矿 /
- 综合回收 /
- 钛铁矿 /
- 锆石 /
- 独居石
Abstract: There is a beach placer ore abroad, which is rich in ilmenite, zircon, monazite and other valuable minerals. Oxidation alteration of ilmenite and some contaminated zircon surface with iron change the magnetic and electrical properties of the minerals, which makes it difficult to separate. In view of the complex characteristics of raw ore, a process of sieve and one rough-one sweep with spiral chute was carried out to enrich the heavy minerals in a 23.78% yield concentrate, in which the grade of Fe, TiO₂, REO and Zr(Hf)O₂ were 25.76%, 43.73%, 0.44%, 2.83%, while the recovery were 93.70%, 93.11%, 78.32%, 93.64%, respectively. Based on the heavy minerals concentrate, a process including low-intensity magnetic separation of iron, then one rough one fine and one sweep with high-intensity magnetic separation (WHIMS) was applied to separate ilmenite and enrich monazite. Part of stronger magnetic ilmenite was separated in WHIMS final concentrate, monazite and another part of weaker magnetic ilmenite in WHIMS middling were separated by a process of table separation, dry magnetic separation and high-tension separation. Zircon in WHIMS tailings was separated by a process of table separation and then high-tension separation for impurities removal of rough zircon concentrate. The separation of magnetite concentrate, ilmenite concentrate, monazite concentrate and zirconium concentrate were finally achieved. The total TiO₂, REO and Zr(Hf)O₂ recovery rate of heavy minerals concentrate were 99.16%, 67.71% and 89.56% respectively. The comprehensive recovery of valuable minerals was realized. This research could be a reference for the exploitation of similar beach placer ores.
- beach placer ores /
- comprehensive recovery /
- ilmenite /
- zircon /
- monazite

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图 1 富钛钛铁矿（深色）局部蚀变成白钛石（浅色）

Figure 1. Local alteration of pseudorutile (dark) to leucoxene (light)

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图 2 原矿重选预富集试验流程

Figure 2. The preconcentration process of heavy minerals from raw ore by gravity separation

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图 3 弱磁尾矿高梯度磁选回收钛、稀土试验流程

Figure 3. High gradient magnetic separation process of ilmenite and monazite from tailings of low intensity magnetic separation

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图 4 强磁中矿独居石精选分离试验流程

Figure 4. Separation process of monazite from high intensity magnetic middlings

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图 5 强磁尾矿摇床选锆试验流程

Figure 5. Table separation process of Zr from high intensity magnetic tailings

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图 6 锆粗精矿电选试验流程

Figure 6. High-tension separation process of rough zircon concentrate

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表 1 原矿多元素分析

Table 1. Multi-elemental analysis results of raw ore %

Fe	TiO₂	Zr(Hf)O₂	REO	MgO	Al₂O₃	SiO₂
6.39	10.96	0.70	0.13	0.32	0.85	77.81

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表 2 原矿主要矿物组成

Table 2. Main mineral compositions and content in raw ore %

钛铁矿	金红石	白钛石	锆石	独居石	磁铁矿	钛赤铁矿	褐铁矿	榍石
18.52	0.03	0.27	1.06	0.23	0.13	0.66	0.12	0.04

石英	长石	角闪石	尖晶石	三水铝石	蓝晶石	高岭石	其他	合计
76.64	0.52	0.19	0.35	0.25	0.47	0.12	0.41	100

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表 3 原矿主要金属粒度分布

Table 3. Grain size of main valuable metal elements in raw ore

粒级/mm	产率/%	品位/%			占有率/%
粒级/mm	产率/%	Fe	TiO₂	Zr(Hf)O₂	Fe	TiO₂	Zr(Hf)O₂
+1.25	1.58	1.46	2.04	0.15	0.37	0.31	0.33
−1.25～+1.0	1.50	0.19	0.17	0.035	0.05	0.02	0.07
−1.0～+0.5	20.59	0.17	0.23	0.057	0.57	0.45	1.61
−0.5～+0.25	52.58	3.05	5.57	0.28	26.00	25.58	20.19
−0.25～+0.1	22.58	20.03	33.25	2.39	71.13	72.04	74.03
−0.1～+0.075	0.36	16.28	24.41	5.38	0.96	0.85	2.68
−0.075～+0.038	0.25	9.36	5.78	1.98	0.37	0.14	0.67
−0.038	0.55	6.18	11.61	0.57	0.55	0.61	0.43
合计	100.00	6.30	10.69	0.73	100.00	100.00	100.00

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表 4 原矿重选预富集试验结果

Table 4. Results of heavy minerals preconcentration from the raw ores by gravity separation

产品名称	产率/%	品位/%				回收率/%
产品名称	产率/%	Fe	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂	Fe	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂
重砂	23.78	25.76	43.73	0.44	2.83	93.70	93.11	78.32	93.64
尾矿	55.24	0.66	1.28	0.044	0.066	5.56	6.33	18.22	5.08
粗砂	20.98	0.23	0.30	0.022	0.044	0.74	0.56	3.46	1.28
原矿	100.00	6.54	11.17	0.13	0.72	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

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表 5 弱磁选铁试验结果

Table 5. Results of magnetite separation from heavy concentrate by low-intensity magnetic separation

产品名称	对重砂产率/%	品位/%		对重砂回收率/%
产品名称	对重砂产率/%	Fe	TiO₂	Fe	TiO₂
铁精矿	0.19	45.48	8.04	0.34	0.03
尾矿	99.81	25.72	43.80	99.66	99.97
重砂	100.00	25.76	43.73	100.00	100.00

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表 6 高梯度磁场强度条件试验结果

Table 6. Experimental results of high gradient magnetic field intensity

场强/ T	产品名称	作业产率/%	品位/%			作业回收率/%
场强/ T	产品名称	作业产率/%	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂
0.2	精矿	51.26	51.92	0.12	0.15	60.77	14.08	2.72
	尾矿	48.74	35.25	0.77	5.64	39.23	85.92	97.28
	弱磁尾矿	100.00	43.80	0.44	2.83	100.00	100.00	100.00
0.3	精矿	68.57	52.47	0.16	0.25	82.14	24.99	6.06
	尾矿	31.43	24.89	1.05	8.45	17.86	75.01	93.94
	弱磁尾矿	100.00	43.80	0.44	2.83	100.00	100.00	100.00
0.4	精矿	75.97	52.70	0.21	0.31	91.41	36.20	8.29
	尾矿	24.03	15.65	1.17	10.84	8.59	63.80	91.71
	弱磁尾矿	100.00	43.80	0.44	2.84	100.00	100.00	100.00
0.5	精矿	77.69	53.32	0.35	0.47	94.58	61.91	12.91
	尾矿	22.31	10.65	0.75	11.04	5.42	38.09	87.09
	弱磁尾矿	100.00	43.80	0.44	2.83	100.00	100.00	100.00
0.6	精矿	79.26	53.31	0.39	0.52	96.46	69.96	14.60
	尾矿	20.74	7.48	0.64	11.62	3.54	30.04	85.40
	弱磁尾矿	100.00	43.80	0.44	2.82	100.00	100.00	100.00
0.8	精矿	80.21	53.16	0.42	0.55	97.35	76.56	15.64
	尾矿	19.79	5.86	0.52	12.02	2.65	23.44	84.36
	弱磁尾矿	100.00	43.80	0.44	2.82	100.00	100.00	100.00
1.0	精矿	82.26	52.71	0.43	0.60	98.99	80.39	17.50
	尾矿	17.74	2.48	0.49	13.11	1.01	19.61	82.50
	弱磁尾矿	100.00	43.80	0.44	2.82	100.00	100.00	100.00

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表 7 高梯度磁选回收钛、稀土试验结果

Table 7. Results of high gradient magnetic separation of ilmenite and monazite from tailingS of low intensity magnetic separation

产品名称	产率/%	品位/%			回收率/%
产品名称	产率/%	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂
钛精矿1	52.34	52.35	0.06	0.11	62.66	7.19	2.03
强磁中矿	32.87	49.13	1.10	1.45	36.93	82.79	16.81
强磁尾矿	14.6	1.13	0.30	15.74	0.38	10.02	81.16
弱磁尾矿	99.81	43.80	0.44	2.84	99.97	100.00	100.00

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表 8 强磁中矿独居石精选分离试验结果

Table 8. Results of monazite separation from high intensity magnetic middlings

产品名称	产率/%	品位/%			回收率/%
产品名称	产率/%	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂
钛精矿2	28.91	55.21	0.05	0.04	36.50	3.97	0.84
锆中矿1	1.02	6.48	3.34	42.25	0.15	7.8	15.22
独居石精矿	0.53	0.18	52.74	1.18	0.00	63.96	0.22
独居石中矿	0.07	21.49	23.4	0.44	0.04	3.75	0.01
干磁尾矿	2.34	4.43	0.62	0.63	0.24	3.32	0.52
强磁中矿	32.87	49.13	1.10	1.45	36.93	82.80	16.81

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表 9 强磁尾矿摇床选锆试验结果

Table 9. Table separation results of Zr from high intensity magnetic tailings

产品名称	产率/%	品位/%				回收率/%
产品名称	产率/%	Fe	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂	TiO₂	REO	Zr(Hf)O₂
锆粗精矿	3.11	0.46	2.29	0.13	63.03	0.16	0.93	69.23
锆中矿1	0.12	0.48	2.45	0.26	55.56	0.01	0.07	2.35
锆中矿2	0.87	0.35	1.43	0.42	24.65	0.03	0.84	7.58
尾矿	10.50	0.32	0.75	0.34	0.54	0.18	8.18	2.00
强磁尾矿	14.60	0.15	1.13	0.30	15.74	0.38	10.02	81.16

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表 10 锆粗精矿电选试验结果

Table 10. High-tension separation results of rough zircon concentrate

产品名称	产率/%	品位/%			回收率/%
产品名称	产率/%	Fe	TiO₂	Zr(Hf)O₂	TiO₂	Zr(Hf)O₂
锆中矿	0.32	2.43	20.8	42.22	0.15	4.83
锆精矿3	0.31	0.36	0.26	65.04	0.00	7.16
锆精矿2	0.77	0.40	0.22	65.12	0.00	17.74
锆精矿1	1.70	0.13	0.08	65.67	0.00	39.51
锆粗精矿	3.11	0.46	2.29	63.03	0.16	69.23

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表 11 重砂精选试验指标汇总

Table 11. Results of concentrate and middlings recovered from heavy minerals preconcentrate

元素	产品名称	对重砂产率/%	品位/%	对重砂回收率/%
Fe	铁精矿	0.19	45.48	0.33
TiO₂	钛精矿	81.25	53.37	99.16
REO	独居石精矿	0.53	52.74	63.96
	独居石中矿	0.07	23.40	3.75
	小计			67.71
Zr（Hf）O₂	锆精矿1	1.7	65.67	39.51
	锆精矿2+3	1.08	65.10	24.90
	锆中矿合计	2.21	35.98	25.15
	小计			89.56

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