Influence of vanadium-microalloying on microstructure and property of 5CrNiMo die steel
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摘要: 在5CrNiMoV模具钢试样中添加了不同含量的合金元素钒，制备了不同钒含量的5CrNiMoVx(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5)模具钢试样，并采用金相和扫描电镜对试样显微组织进行分析，测试了试样的抗热裂性能和耐高温磨损性能。结果表明，添加合金元素钒有助于细化5CrNiMoV模具钢试样的显微组织，提高其抗热裂性能和耐高温磨损性能。随钒含量逐渐增加，模具钢试样的显微组织先细化后粗化，抗热裂性能和耐高温磨损性能先提高后下降。与不添加钒（x=0）相比，当钒含量x=0.3%时，5CrNiMoVx模具钢试样的裂纹长度减小3.4 mm、磨损体积减小16×10−3 mm3，模具钢试样的抗热裂性能和耐高温磨损性能显著提高。5CrNiMoVx (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5)模具钢试样的钒含量优选为x=0.3%。
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关键词:
- 5CrNiMoV模具钢 /
- 钒微合金化 /
- 抗热裂性 /
- 耐高温磨损性能
Abstract: 5CrNiMoVx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) with different vanadium contents were prepared by adding different amounts of alloying element vanadium into the 5CrNiMoV die steel. The microstructure of the sample was analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopes, and the hot cracking resistance and high temperature wear resistance of the sample were tested. The results show that the addition of vanadium helps refine the microstructure of 5CrNiMo die steel and improves its hot cracking resistance and high temperature wear resistance. With the increase of vanadium content, the microstructure of die steel samples is refined first and then coarsened, and the hot cracking resistance and high temperature wear resistance are improved first and then decreased. When the vanadium content is 0.3%, the crack length and wear volume of 5CrNiMoVx die steel are reduced by 3.4 mm and 16×10−3 mm3, respectively. The optimum vanadium content of 5CrNiMoVx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) die steel sample is x = 0.3%. -
图 1 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)模具钢试样抗热裂性测试试棒尺寸（单位：mm）
Figure 1. Dimensional drawing of 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) die steel test bar for hot cracking resistance test
图 2 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)模具钢试样高温磨损形貌
Figure 2. Wear morphologies of 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) die steel at high temperature
(a) x=0; (b) x=0.1; (c) x=0.2; (d) x=0.3; (e) x=0.4; (f) x=0.5
图 3 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)模具钢试样显微组织金相照片
Figure 3. Microstructure metallographic photographs of 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) die steel at high temperature
(a) x=0；(b) x=0.1；(c) x=0.2；(d) x=0.3；(e) x=0.4；(f) x=0.5
图 4 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)模具钢试样显微组织SEM照片
Figure 4. Microstructure SEM photographs of 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) die steel at high temperature
(a) x=0；(b) x=0.1；(c) x=0.2；(d) x=0.3；(e) x=0.4；(f) x=0.5
表 1 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) 模具钢试样化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) die steel specimens
% 编号（钒含量） C Mn Cr Ni Mo Si V S P Fe 试样1（x=0） 0.55 0.68 0.71 1.65 0.18 0.22 0 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 Bal. 试样2（x=0.1） 0.55 0.67 0.72 1.64 0.18 0.22 0.1 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 Bal. 试样3（x=0.2） 0.54 0.68 0.71 1.66 0.19 0.23 0.2 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 Bal. 试样4（x=0.3） 0.55 0.69 0.72 1.65 0.19 0.22 0.3 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 Bal. 试样5（x=0.4） 0.56 0.68 0.72 1.65 0.19 0.23 0.4 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 Bal. 试样6（x=0.5） 0.55 0.68 0.71 1.65 0.18 0.23 0.5 ＜0.02 ＜0.02 Bal. 
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表 2 5CrNiMoVx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5)模具钢试样抗热裂性能
Table 2. Hot cracking resistance of 5CrNiMoVx (x=0, 0.1, 0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5) die steel samples
试样编号 钒含量/% 裂纹长度/mm 试样1 x=0 3.46 试样2 x=0.1 1.67 试样3 x=0.2 0.95 试样4 x=0.3 0.03 试样5 x=0.4 0.82 试样6 x=0.5 1.77
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表 3 模具钢试样耐高温磨损性能
Table 3. Wear resistance of die steel specimens at high temperature
试样编号 钒含量/% 高温磨损体积×103/mm3 试样1 x=0 27 试样2 x=0.1 30 试样3 x=0.2 22 试样4 x=0.3 19 试样5 x=0.4 23 试样6 x=0.5 29
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