Experimental study on durability of high-titanium heavy slag concrete under salt freezing
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摘要: 考虑水胶比、粉煤灰掺量、复合盐溶液浓度三个因素，采用正交试验，研究不同因素对高钛重矿渣混凝土耐久性影响。试验结果表明：复合盐溶液浓度对高钛重矿渣混凝土的质量损失率和动弹性模量影响最大。在水胶比和粉煤灰掺量一定的情况下，随着冻融循环的次数增加，高钛重矿渣混凝土试块质量损失率逐渐增大，呈现指数函数变化趋势。随着冻融循环的次数增加，高钛重矿渣混凝土试块的动弹性模量快速减小，呈现负指数函数变化趋势。复合盐冻融循环下的高钛重矿渣混凝土试块的质量损失与动弹性模量的衰减的主要原因有两方面，一是NaCl和Na2SO4物理结晶产生的结晶拉力破坏；二是Cl−与高钛重矿渣混凝土水化产物发生化学反应产生氯铝酸钙，SO42−与水化铝酸钙发生化学反应，产生钙矾石，导致高钛重矿渣混凝土试块内部结构劣化。Abstract: Considering the three factors of water-binder ratio, fly ash content, and composite salt solution concentration, orthogonal experiments are used to study the influence of different factors on the durability of high-titanium heavy slag concrete. The experimental results show that the concentration of the composite salt solution has the greatest influence on the mass loss rate and dynamic elastic modulus of the high-titanium heavy slag concrete. For a certain water-binder ratio and fly ash content, when the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, the mass loss rate of high-titanium heavy slag concrete specimens gradually increases, showing an exponential function change trend. With the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the dynamic elastic modulus of the high-titanium heavy slag concrete test block decreases rapidly, showing a negative exponential function change trend. There are two main reasons for the mass loss and the attenuation of dynamic elastic modulus of the high-titanium heavy slag concrete test block under the composite salt freeze-thaw cycle. The first is the destruction of crystal tension caused by the physical crystallization of NaCl and Na2SO4; the second is the chemical reaction between Cl− and the high-titanium heavy slag concrete hydrate to produce calcium chloroaluminate, and the chemical reaction of SO42− with calcium aluminate hydrate to produce ettringite, resulting in the deterioration of the internal structure of the high-titanium heavy slag concrete test block.
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图 1 不同复合盐掺量下冻融循环高钛重矿渣的质量损失率
Figure 1. Mass loss rate of high-titanium heavy slag in freeze-thaw cycles with different composite salt content
图 2 不同复合盐掺量下冻融循环高钛重矿渣的质量损失率拟合曲线
Figure 2. Fitting curve diagram of mass loss rate of high-titanium heavy slag in freeze-thaw cycles with different composite salt content
图 3 不同复合盐掺量下冻融循环高钛重矿渣的相对动弹性模量变化
Figure 3. Relative dynamic elastic modulus changes of high-titanium heavy slag under different composite salt content in freeze-thaw cycles
图 4 不同复合盐掺量下冻融循环高钛重矿渣的相对动弹性模量变化拟合曲线
Figure 4. Fitting curves of relative dynamic elastic modulus changes of high-titanium heavy slag in freeze-thaw cycles with different composite salt content
图 5 复合盐掺量高钛重矿渣混凝土试块SEM形貌
Figure 5. SEM images of high-titanium heavy slag concrete test block under composite salt freeze-thaw cycle
图 6 复合盐冻融循环下的高钛重矿渣混凝土试块XRD谱
Figure 6. XRD of high-titanium heavy slag concrete test block under composite salt freeze-thaw cycle
表 1 高钛重矿渣化学组成
Table 1. Chemical composition of high-titanium heavy slag
% SiO2 CaO TiO2 Al2O3 MgO Fe2O3 MnO SO3 TFe 23.26 25.59 21.32 12.66 8.12 1.91 0.54 1.39 5.21 
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表 2 高钛重矿渣物理性能指标
Table 2. Physical performance index of high-titanium heavy slag
样品 堆积密度/（kg·m−3） 表观密度/（kg·m−3） 压碎指标值/% 吸水率/% 高钛重矿渣 1350 2840 8 6.2
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表 3 水泥各项品质指标
Table 3. Various quality indexes of cement
抗压强度/MPa 抗折强度/MPa 凝结时间/min 烧失量
/%SO3
/%MgO
/%Cl−
/%3 d 28 d 3 d 28 d 初凝 终凝 28.5 45.4 5.3 7.5 180 280 1.91 2.36 1.94 0.02
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表 4 因素-水平
Table 4. Factor-level table
A:水胶比 B:粉煤灰掺量/% C: 复合盐溶液浓度/% 1 0.50（A1） 0（B1） 2（C1） 2 0.55（A2） 10（B2） 5（C2） 3 0.60（A3） 20（B3） 10（C3）
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表 5 正交试验
Table 5. Orthogonal test table
组号 A（水胶比） B（粉煤灰掺量） C（复合盐溶液浓度） F1 A1 B1 C1 F2 A1 B2 C2 F3 A1 B3 C3 F4 A2 B1 C2 F5 A2 B2 C3 F6 A2 B3 C1 F7 A3 B1 C3 F8 A3 B2 C1 F9 A3 B3 C2
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表 6 复合盐-冻融（150次）作用下质量损失率极差分析
Table 6. Range analysis of the mass loss rate under composite salt freeze-thaw (150 times)
组号 A（水胶比） B（粉煤灰掺量） C（复合盐溶液浓度） 质量损失率/% F1 A1 B1 C1 5.21 F2 A1 B2 C2 5.84 F3 A1 B3 C3 2.79 F4 A2 B1 C2 5.77 F5 A2 B2 C3 3.01 F6 A2 B3 C1 5.31 F7 A3 B1 C3 2.73 F8 A3 B2 C1 5.54 F9 A3 B3 C2 6.12 极差R 0.19 0.23 3.07
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表 7 复合盐-冻融（150次）作用下相对动弹性模量极差分析
Table 7. Range analysis of relative dynamic elastic modulus under composite salt freeze-thaw (150 times)
组号 A（水胶比） B（粉煤灰
掺量）C（复合盐溶液
浓度）相对动弹性
模量/%F1 A1 B1 C1 59.68 F2 A1 B2 C2 56.11 F3 A1 B3 C3 72.32 F4 A2 B1 C2 57.03 F5 A2 B2 C3 72.94 F6 A2 B3 C1 57.36 F7 A3 B1 C3 74.32 F8 A3 B2 C1 57.21 F9 A3 B3 C2 50.21 极差R 2.12 3.72 18.74
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