硅藻土/BiVO<sub>4</sub>复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

刘景景; 闫月娥

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.01.010

硅藻土/BiVO₄复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.01.010

刘景景^{1, 2,},
闫月娥¹

1.
攀枝花学院钒钛学院, 四川攀枝花 617000
2.
四川省钒钛材料工程技术研究中心, 四川攀枝花 617000

基金项目: 四川省钒钛材料工程技术研究中心开放项目（2021-FTGC-YB-14）

详细信息

作者简介:
刘景景，1986年出生，女，河南三门峡人，讲师，博士，主要从事功能材料研究，E-mail：jingjingliu8610@163.com

中图分类号: TF841.3,O643.36
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-28

Synthesis and properties of the diatomite/BiVO₄ composite photocatalysts

Liu Jingjing^{1, 2
,},
Yan Yue’e¹

1.
College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
2.
Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center for Vanadium and Titanium Materials, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 采用液相沉淀法制备了不同硅藻土含量（5%～80%）的硅藻土/BiVO₄复合材料，利用XRD和UV-Vis对样品进行了表征。结果表明，复合材料为单斜BiVO₄、四方BiVO₄和SiO₂混合相。升高煅烧温度可使BiVO₄向单斜相转化，且在较高煅烧温度时，增大硅藻土的含量，有助于BiVO₄进一步转化为单斜相。硅藻土含量为5%～30%的样品的光降解率比BiVO₄有不同程度的提升，硅藻土的最佳含量为10%。在煅烧温度450 ℃，光催化时间2 h，罗丹明B浓度10 mg/L的条件下，复合材料的去除率和光降解率分别高达100%和60.41%。空穴是材料光降解罗丹明B的主要活性物种，复合材料光催化性能提升可归因于硅藻土良好的吸附性、对BiVO₄的分散性以及形成的单斜相BiVO₄/四方相BiVO₄/SiO₂混相p-n异质结，其提升了材料对罗丹明B的吸附，增大了表面活性位点和比表面积，加速了光生载流子的分离与传输，在有机污染物废水处理方面具有较好的应用前景。
- BiVO₄ /
- 光催化 /
- 硅藻土 /
- 液相沉淀法 /
- 降解率
Abstract: The diatomite/BiVO₄ composite materials with different diatomite content (5%～80%) were prepared by liquid precipitation method. The samples were characterized by XRD and UV-Vis. The results show that the composite consists of monoclinic BiVO₄, tetragonal BiVO₄ and SiO₂. BiVO₄ can be transformed into monoclinic phase by increasing the calcination temperature, and at a higher calcination temperature, the increase of diatomite content is conducive to the further transformation of BiVO₄ into monoclinic phase. Compared with BiVO₄, the photodegradation efficiencies of the composites with the diatomite contents of 5%～30% are improved in different degrees, and the optimum content of the diatomite is 10%. Under the conditions of calcination temperature of 450 ℃, photocatalytic time of 2 h, rhodamine B concentration of 10 mg/L, the removal and photodegradation efficiencies of the sample for rhodamine B can reach 100% and 60.41%, respectively. Holes are the main active species for the photodegradation of rhodamine B. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the composite materials can be attributed to the good adsorption of the diatomite, the good dispersion of BiVO₄ and the formation of monoclinic BiVO₄/tetragonal BiVO₄/SiO₂ miscible p-n heterojunctions, which improve the adsorption for rhodamine B, increase the surface active site and specific surface area, and accelerate the separation and transmission of photoinduced carriers, with promising application for the treatment of organic pollutant wastewater.
- BiVO₄ /
- photocatalytic /
- diatomite /
- liquid phase precipitation /
- degradation rate

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图 1 400 ℃煅烧条件下硅藻土，BiVO₄以及硅藻土/BiVO₄复合样品的XRD图谱

Figure 1. XRD spectra of the diatomite, BiVO₄ and diatomite/BiVO₄ composite samples calcined at 400 ℃

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图 2 不同煅烧温度下BiVO₄以及硅藻土/BiVO₄复合样品的XRD图谱

Figure 2. XRD spectra of BiVO₄ and diatomite/BiVO₄ composite samples at different calcination temperatures

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图 3 不同硅藻土含量的催化剂对罗丹明B的去除率随时间的变化

Figure 3. The removal efficiencies of the catalysts with different diatomite contents for rhodamine B over time

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图 4 不同硅藻土含量的催化剂对罗丹明B的光降解率

Figure 4. The photodegradation efficiencies of the catalysts with different diatomite contents for rhodamine B

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图 5 不同煅烧温度下制备的催化剂对罗丹明B的去除率随时间的变化

Figure 5. The removal efficiencies of the catalysts prepared at different calcination temperatures for rhodamine B over time

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图 6 不同煅烧温度下制备的10%硅藻土/ BiVO₄和BiVO₄对罗丹明B的光降解率

Figure 6. The photodegradation efficiencies of 10% diatomite/BiVO₄ and BiVO₄ prepared at different calcination temperatures for rhodamine B

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图 7 450 ℃煅烧温度下10%硅藻土/BiVO₄对不同浓度罗丹明B的去除率随时间的变化

Figure 7. The removal efficiencies of 10% diatomite/BiVO₄ calcined at 450 ℃ for rhodamine B with different concentrations over time

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图 8 450 ℃煅烧温度下10%硅藻土/BiVO₄对不同浓度罗丹明B的光降解率趋势

Figure 8. The photodegradation efficiencies of 10% diatomite/BiVO₄ calcined at 450 ℃ for rhodamine B with different concentrations

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图 9 450 ℃煅烧温度下10%硅藻土/ BiVO₄和BiVO₄对罗丹明B的自由基捕获试验结果

Figure 9. The free radical capture experimental results of 10% diatomite/BiVO₄ and BiVO₄ calcined at 450 ℃ for rhodamine B

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表 1 L₉（3⁴）正交试验因素及水平

Table 1. The factors and levels of L₉(3⁴) orthogonal test

水平	因素A （煅烧温度/℃）	因素B （光催化时间/min）	因素C （罗丹明B浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)）
1	450	120	10
2	500	90	5
3	400	60	15

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表 2 L₉（3⁴）正交试验方案及结果

Table 2. L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal test schemes and results

序号	因素A	因素B	因素C	空列	降解率/%
1	1（450）	1（120）	1（10）	1	60.41
2	1（450）	2（90）	2（5）	2	49.77
3	1（450）	3（60）	3（15）	3	35.86
4	2（500）	1（120）	2（5）	3	46.72
5	2（500）	2（90）	3（15）	1	32.23
6	2（500）	3（60）	1（10）	2	47.16
7	3（400）	1（120）	3（15）	2	34.74
8	3（400）	2（90）	1（10）	3	46.83
9	3（400）	3（60）	2（5）	1	38.51
K₁	1.46	1.42	1.54	1.31
K₂	1.26	1.29	1.35	1.32
K₃	1.20	1.22	1.03	1.29
极差R	0.26	0.20	0.51	0.03
因素主→次			CAB
优方案			A₁B₁C₁

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