Study on the technology of enhanced reduction-magnetic separation of titanium and iron from calcium-based vanadium extraction tailings
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摘要: 采用直接还原-磁选方法从钒钛磁铁矿直接提钒尾渣中回收Fe，在还原温度1250 ℃、还原时间2 h、还原剂用量为尾渣质量的20%的条件下，球团的金属化率为92.71%。在球团中加入5% CaCO3并延长保温时间至6 h后，Fe晶粒的平均直径从14.53 μm增加至25.39 μm。通过对Fe晶粒的生长速率拟合发现，加入CaCO3后，晶粒生长速率常数从0.26 μm2/min提高至1.45 μm2/min。加入CaCO3的直接还原球团经过磁选后，可以得到TFe含量为90.72 %的直接还原铁和TiO2含量为41.75 %的含钛渣，Fe的回收率达到了91.05%，大幅提高了钒钛磁铁矿的资源利用率。Abstract: In this paper, the direct reduction-magnetic separation method was used to recover Fe from vanadium titano-magnetite (VTM) tailings. Under the conditions of reduction temperature 1250 ℃, reduction time 2 h and reducing agent dosage 20% of the mass of the tailings, the metallization rate of pellets was 92.71%. After adding 5% CaCO3 and prolonging the holding time to 6 h, the average diameter of Fe grains increased from 14.53 μm to 25.39 μm. By fitting the growth rate of Fe grains, it was found that the grains growth rate constant increased from 0.26 μm2/min to 1.45 μm2/min after adding CaCO3. After magnetic separation, the direct reduced iron with TFe content of 90.72% and the titanium slag with TiO2 content of 41.75% could be obtained. The recovery rate of Fe reached 91.05%, which greatly improved the resource utilization of VTM.
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图 2 提钒尾渣还原工艺过程
Figure 2. Reduction-magnetic separation process of vanadium extraction tailings
图 3 还原温度对尾渣金属化率的影响
Figure 3. Effect of reduction temperature on metallization rate of minerals
图 4 还原时间对尾渣金属化率的影响
Figure 4. Effect of reduction time on metallization rate of tailings
图 5 还原剂用量对尾渣金属化率的影响
Figure 5. Effect of reducing agent dosage on metallization rate of tailings
图 8 不加入CaCO3的金属化球团在不同保温时间下微观形貌
Figure 8. Microstructure of metallized pellets without CaCO3 at different holding time
图 9 加入CaCO3的金属化球团在不同保温时间下微观形貌
Figure 9. Microstructure of metallized pellets with CaCO3 at different holding time
图 10 不同保温时间对金属化球团中Fe晶粒平均直径的影响
Figure 10. Effect of holding time on average diameter of Fe grains in metallized pellets
图 11 不同金属化球团中lnD-lnt线性拟合曲线
Figure 11. lnD-lnt linear fitting results of different metallized pellets
表 1 提钒尾渣的主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of vanadium extraction tailings
% V2O5 SiO2 Fe2O3 TiO2 CaO Al2O3 MgO MnO Na2O S 0.47 1.58 73.78 12.39 1.26 3.76 0.73 0.25 0.01 0.017 
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表 2 不同添加剂对TFe含量和铁回收率的影响
Table 2. Effect of different additives on TFe content and iron recovery rate
添加剂 加入量/% 磁选后TFe含量/% Fe回收率/% CaCO3 3 82.26 87.79 MgCO3 3 83.52 76.93 3CaO·Al2O3 3 73.86 71.11 Na2SiO4 3 86.59 82.69 CaO 3 85.24 81.32
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表 3 磁性物相和非磁物相成分分析
Table 3. Analysis of phase composition of magnetic materials and non-magnetic materials
% V2O5 SiO2 TFe TiO2 CaO Al2O3 MgO Cr2O3 MnO SO3 非磁性物料 1.36 6.05 5.99 41.75 11.17 19.90 1.95 0.69 0.53 3.387 磁性物料 0.14 2.20 90.72 2.43 1.27 0.71 0.12 0.07 0.09
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