镁热法生产海绵钛过程反应器温度场模拟研究

李吉帆; 盛卓; 李开华; 孙浩山; 张小辉; 李冬勤; 李亮; 周杰; 陈秀敏

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.02.003

镁热法生产海绵钛过程反应器温度场模拟研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.02.003

李吉帆^1,,
盛卓^{1, 2},
李开华^{2, 3},
孙浩山¹,
张小辉¹,
李冬勤^{1, 2},
李亮²,
周杰¹,
陈秀敏¹

1.
昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院, 云南昆明 650093
2.
攀钢集团研究院有限公司, 钒钛资源综合利用国家重点实验室, 四川攀枝花 617000
3.
四川大学材料科学与工程学院, 四川成都 610064

基金项目: 钒钛资源综合利用产业技术创新战略联盟2021年协同研发项目—镁热法生产海绵钛反应过程流场数值模拟与动力学研究（FTLM2021-2021530103000763）

详细信息

作者简介:
李吉帆，男，1997年出生，硕士研究生，主要工作方向为钛冶金，E-mail：1252916966@qq.com

中图分类号: TF823
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-05
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-30

Numerical simulation of the temperature field in titanium sponge reactor during magnesium thermal production process

Li Jifan^1
,,
Sheng Zhuo^{1, 2},
Li Kaihua^{2, 3},
Sun Haoshan¹,
Zhang Xiaohui¹,
Li Dongqin^{1, 2},
Li Liang²,
Zhou Jie¹,
Chen Xiumin¹

1.
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, Yunnan，China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
3.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要: 以7.5 t“I”炉实际尺寸为基础，建立镁热法生产海绵钛还原炉物理模型，模拟还原过程中炉内温度场分布。研究发现，在TiCl₄中心加料工况下，反应器由内向外，在横向和纵向均形成明显的温度梯度，从反应中心区至器壁温度逐渐降低，且上部氩气区域温度明显低于反应区熔体温度。提高TiCl₄给料速度，延长连续给料时间均能使反应区最高温度和平均温度呈现上升趋势。对于7.5 t“I”型炉，当料速低于280 kg/h时，反应释放热量低于风冷区的散热量，生产中需要对反应器进行补热，当给料速度从200 kg/h提高至400 kg/h时，3 h内反应区最高温度由986.5 ℃上升至1167.4 ℃。当器壁控制温度由820 ℃降低至750 ℃时，反应中心温度降低约18 ℃，即增大器壁与反应中心温度梯度有利于促进炉内熔体散热。通过建立合理的壁温控制和加料、排料制度，能够避免海绵钛出现硬芯，改善产品质量。
- 海绵钛 /
- 镁热还原 /
- 温度场 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: Based on the size of 7.5 t “I” type furnace, the physical model of titanium sponge reactor was established to simulate the temperature field. Under the center feeding condition of TiCl₄, it is found that the temperature gradient is formed both horizontally and vertically from the inside-out of the reactor. The temperature gradually decreases from the center to the wall, and the temperature of upper Ar zone is obviously lower than the melt temperature in the reaction zone. With the increasing feed rate and time of TiCl₄, the maximum and average temperature of the reaction zone increase. As to 7.5 t “I” type furnace, when the feed rate is lower than 280 kg/h, heat generation is lower than heat dissipation in the air-cooling zone, hence reactor need be heated by electric furnace. When the feed rate goes from 200 kg/h to 400 kg/h, the maximum temperature in reaction zone increases from 986.5 ℃ to 1167.4 ℃ in 3 hours. When the reactor wall temperature decreases from 820 ℃ to 750 ℃, the temperature of reaction center decreases about 18 ℃, which means that enlarging the temperature gradient between the wall and the reaction center is conducive to promoting the heat dissipation of the melt in the furnace. By establishing reasonable wall temperature control, feeding and discharging system, hard core can be avoided and product quality can be improved.
- titanium sponge /
- magnesiothermic reduction /
- temperature field /
- numerical simulation

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图 1 物理模型及边界示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the physical model and boundary

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图 2 计算区域的网格划分

Figure 2. Grid division of the calculation region

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图 3 反应器传热计算域

Figure 3. Calculation domain of the heat transfer in reactor

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图 4 不同进料速度下加料1 h反应器内温度场分布

Figure 4. Temperature field distribution of the reactor under different feed rates for 1 h

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图 5 不同进料速度下加料3 h反应器内温度场分布

Figure 5. Temperature field distribution of the reactor under different feed rates for 3 h

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图 6 反应器内温度随时间的变化

Figure 6. Relationship between simulation time and temperature of the reactor

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图 7 不同器壁工况下反应器内温度状况

Figure 7. Temperature of the air-cooling zone at different temperature of the cooling wall

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表 1 模拟计算所用物质的物性参数

Table 1. Physical parameters of the substance used for simulation calculation

物质名称	导热系数/ [W·（m·K）⁻¹]	定压比热容/ [J·（kg·K）⁻¹]	密度/ （kg·m⁻³）	动力粘度/ (Pa·s)
TiCl₄（l）	0.0802	774.37	1758.09	5.76×10⁻⁴
TiCl₄（g）	0.0077	537.77	5.94	1.23×10⁻⁵
Mg（l）	90.7	1344	1538	6.41×10⁻⁴
MgCl₂（l）	1.7	971	1637	1.62×10⁻³
Ar（g）	0.05	518	0.627	4.70×10⁻⁷
321不锈钢	1.307+0.018×T	279.925+0.275×T	7930

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表 2 TiCl₄持续加入1 h后反应器内温度状况

Table 2. Temperature of the reactor after continuous feeding of TiCl₄ for 1 h

进料速度/ (kg.h⁻¹)	Ⅱ区熔体最高温度/℃	Ⅱ区平均温度/℃	Ⅲ区平均温度/℃
200	983.7	803.4	815.1
240	991.4	830.4	818.9
280	996.5	847.9	821.9
300	1006.5	853.0	822.1
350	1054.0	870.2	824.6
400	1132.0	925.5	832.5

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表 3 TiCl₄持续加入3 h后反应器内温度状况

Table 3. Temperature of the reactor after continuous feeding of TiCl₄ for 3 h

进料速度/ (kg·h⁻¹)	Ⅱ区熔体最高温度/℃	Ⅱ区平均温度/℃	Ⅲ区平均温度/℃
200	986.5	794.9	818.5
240	994.2	828.7	825.7
280	998.1	847.5	830.4
300	1009.9	854.0	831.0
350	1063.2	875.2	835.6
400	1167.4	945.8	850.5

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表 4 不同器壁工况条件下器内最高温度、平均温度

Table 4. Maximum and average temperature of the air-cooling zone at different temperature of the cooling wall

进料速度/(kg·h⁻¹)	Ⅱ区最高温度/℃			Ⅲ区平均温度/℃
进料速度/(kg·h⁻¹)	750 ℃	785 ℃	820 ℃	750 ℃	785 ℃	820 ℃
200	978.5	986.5	994.6	785.89	794.9	804.0
240	986.5	994.2	1001.9	819.77	828.7	837.7
280	990.6	998.1	1005.5	838.57	847.5	856.4
300	1002.0	1009.9	1017.5	845.09	854.0	862.9
350	1055.6	1063.2	1070.9	866.26	875.2	884.1
400	1159.8	1167.4	1175.1	936.83	945.8	954.8

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