Study on high-temperature tensile deformation behavior of TA9 titanium alloy
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摘要: 采用高温拉伸试验，得到TA9钛合金在800～920 ℃温度范围内和应变速率为0.001～0.125 s−1条件下的应力应变曲线，分析在拉应力条件下，变形温度、应变速率和流变应力三者之间的关系，构造了Arrhenius双曲正弦函数本构方程，并进行了应变修正，绘制出变形量为20%和50%时的热加工图，总结出不同变形条件下合金显微组织演变规律。结果表明：流变应力随变形温度的提高和应变速率的降低而降低，由本构方程计算出两相区变形激活能为569.453 kJ/mol，热加工图中的失稳区主要有四个区域，分别是在800～845 ℃和870～920 ℃时，应变速率在大于0.07 s−1和0.002～0.03 s−1处。此外，断裂位置显微组织中α相沿着合金变形的方向被拉长，α晶界变成锯齿状，这与动态回复过程中α向沿亚晶界破碎、分割和晶界突出有关。当变形温度一定时，等轴α晶粒尺寸随应变速率的提高而减小，当应变速率一定时，等轴α晶粒尺寸随温度的升高而变大。Abstract: The true stress-true strain curves of TA9 titanium alloy in the temperature range of 800-920 ℃ and the strain rate range of 0.001-0.125 s−1 were obtained by high-temperature tensile test. The relationship among deformation temperature, strain rate, and flow stress under tensile stress is analyzed. The constitutive analysis based on the hyperbolic-sine Arrhenius equation was constructed, and the strain correction was carried out. The hot processing maps of 20% and 50% deformation were drawn, and the microstructure evolution of the alloy under different deformation conditions was studied. The results show that the flow stress decreases with the deformation temperature increase and the strain rate decrease. The constitutive equation calculates the deformation activation energy in the two-phase region to be 569.453 kJ/mol. There are four central regions of instability in the hot processing map. The instability region in the hot processing map mainly has four regions, which are at 800-845 ℃ and 870-920 ℃, and the strain rate is more significant than 0.07 s−1 and 0.002-0.03 s−1, respectively. In addition, the α phase in the microstructure of the fracture position is elongated along the direction of the alloy deformation, and the α grain boundary becomes serrated, which is related to the fragmentation, segmentation, and grain boundary protrusion of α along the subgrain boundary during the dynamic recovery process. The equiaxed α grain size decreases with the increase in strain rate when the deformation temperature is constant. The equiaxed α grain size increases with the increase in temperature when the strain rate is constant.
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图 2 不同应变速率下TA9钛合金真应力-应变曲线
Figure 2. True stress-strain curves for TA9 titanium alloy under different conditions
(a) 0.001 s−1; (b) 0.005 s−1; (c) 0.025 s−1; (d) 0.125 s−1
图 3 不同应变速率下TA9钛合金峰值应力与变形温度的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between peak stress and deformation temperature of TA9 titanium alloy at different strain rates
图 4 本构方程中各参数与真应变的关系曲线
Figure 4. Relationship curves between various parameters in the constitutive and true strain
(a) lnA-ε,n-ε; (b) α-ε, Q-ε
图 5 TA9合金不同变形量的热加工图
Figure 5. Thermal processing maps of TA9 alloy at different strains
(a) 20%；(b) 50%
图 6 不同热拉伸条件TA9 钛合金的显微组织
Figure 6. Microstructure of TA9 titanium alloy under different thermal tensile conditions
(a) 800 ℃, 0.025 s−1; (b) 830 ℃, 0.025 s−1; (c) 860 ℃, 0.001 s−1; (d) 860 ℃, 0.005 s−1; (e) 860 ℃, 0.025 s−1; (f) 860 ℃, 0.125 s−1; (g) 890 ℃,0.025 s−1; (h) 920 ℃, 0.025 s−1
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