Effect of low frequency power supply frequency on liquidus carbides in GCr15 electroslag ingot
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摘要: 为了进一步提高电渣锭的凝固质量，设计了低频电渣重熔炉，研究了不同频率对电渣锭中液析碳化物的影响。采用扫描电镜观察了液析碳化物的形貌、成分，并在光学显微镜下观察了GCr15轴承钢电渣锭中液析碳化物的尺寸变化。研究结果表明，相比于工频时，低频可以有效降低碳化物数量，特别是对于边部和2/3R处，碳化物数量下降幅度较大，在频率为0.4 Hz时下降幅度最大，分别为71.05%和48.00%。不管是边部、芯部还是2/3R处，低频均能降低液析碳化物的最大尺寸。特别是对边部和2/3R处碳化物的影响最大，边部最大尺寸从工频时的11.64 μm减小至0.4 Hz时的7.39 μm，减小了36.51%；2/3R处最大尺寸从工频时的20.58 μm减小至0.4 Hz时的12.61 μm，减小了38.73%。Abstract: In order to further improve the solidification quality of electroslag ingot, a low frequency electroslag remelting furnace was designed to study the effect of different frequencies on liquid carbides in electroslag ingot. The morphology and composition of liquidated carbides were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the size change of liquidated carbides was observed and analyzed under an optical microscope. The results show that the number of carbides can be effectively reduced at low frequency compared with that at power frequency, especially at the edge and at the edge of 2/3R where the number of carbides decreases significantly at 0.4 Hz, the maximum decrease amplitude is 71.05% and 48.00%. Whether it is in edge, heart, or 2/3R, low frequency can reduce the maximum size of liquid carbides. Especially for the edge and 2/3R carbides, the maximum size of the edge decreases from 11.64 μm at power frequency to 7.39 μm at 0.4 Hz, which is reduced by 36.51%. The maximum size at 2/3R is reduced by 38.73% from 20.58 μm at power frequency to 12.61 μm at 0.4 Hz.
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图 1 低频电渣重熔炉示意
1- 变压器；2- 低频电源控制柜；3-结晶器；4- 金属熔池；5-低水箱；6-电极
Figure 1. Experimental device of low frequency power supply electroslag furnace
图 2 GCr15电渣锭中液析碳化物数量的变化
Figure 2. Variation of the number of liquid carbides in GCr15 ESR ingot
图 3 频率对边部液析碳化物尺寸的影响
(a)尺寸分布 ；(b)平均尺寸与最大尺寸
Figure 3. Effect of frequency on size of edge liquid carbides
图 4 频率对2/3R处液析碳化物尺寸的影响
(a)尺寸分布； (b)平均尺寸与最大尺寸
Figure 4. Effect of frequency on size of liquid carbides at 2/3R
图 5 频率对芯部液析碳化物尺寸的影响
(a)尺寸分布； (b)平均尺寸与最大尺寸
Figure 5. Effect of frequency on size of liquid carbides in heart
图 6 不同频率下电渣锭中液析碳化物的形貌（×500）
Figure 6. Morphology of liquid carbides at different frequencies (×500 )
图 8 不同电源频率电渣重熔过程示意
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of electroslag remelting process at different power frequencies
表 1 GCr15轴承钢主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of GCr15 bearing steel
% C Mn Si Cr P Al S N 0.99 0.35 0.21 1.47 0.009 0.008 0.001 0.0039 
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表 2 试验方案
Table 2. Experimental schemes
试验方案 重熔电流/A 重熔电压/V 频率/Hz 周期/s 钢种 1 1800 32 0.1 10 GCr15 2 1800 32 0.4 2.5 GCr15 3 1800 32 1 1 GCr15 4 1800 32 2 0.5 GCr15 5 1800 32 50 0.02 GCr15
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表 3 不同频率下液析碳化物尺寸的变化
Table 3. Changes of size of liquidated carbides at different frequencies
频率/Hz 取样位置 最小尺寸/μm 最大尺寸/μm 平均尺寸/μm 50 边部 4.26 11.64 7.06 2/3R处 4.53 20.58 9.08 芯部 5.13 15.42 9.62 2 边部 5.12 14.01 7.00 2/3R处 4.91 16.29 8.34 芯部 3.02 17.00 8.08 1 边部 3.64 10.33 5.36 2/3R处 4.66 18.68 8.45 芯部 3.92 16.87 8.25 0.4 边部 5.72 9.16 7.55 2/3R处 4.30 12.61 7.35 芯部 4.92 13.17 7.31 0.1 边部 3.64 7.39 4.98 2/3R处 4.27 22.67 7.65 芯部 3.45 15.28 8.54
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