Biomass pyrolysis product-enhanced selective reduction-magnetic separation of iron sand
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摘要: 以清洁、碳中性、高活性、可再生的生物质作为还原剂，通过密封性气塞限制热解产物的逃逸，对海砂矿内配生物质直接还原行为进行了研究，研究表明，限制生物质热解产生热解产物（CO、H2、CO2、H2O 、CxHyOz）的逃逸，在反应罐内迅速形成了60 kPa的压力，有利于H2、CO的参与还原。其中焦油具有更高的活性，且保障了后期H2的来源，促进了海砂矿的低温快速还原。在还原温度1120 ℃、还原80 min的条件下，可获得金属化率为97.81%、铁回收率为97.81%的铁粉，以及TiO2回收率为69.98%和V2O5回收率59.93%的富钛渣。Abstract: Using clean, carbon neutral, highly reactive and renewable biomass as a reducing agent, limiting the escape of pyrolysis products by hermetic gas plugs, the direct reduction behavior of the biomass allotted within the iron sand was studied. The results show that a pressure of 60 kPa is rapidly developed in the reaction tank as a result of limiting the escape of pyrolysis products (CO、H2、CO2、H2O 、CxHyOz) from biomass pyrolysis, which facilitates the participation of H2, CO in the reduction. The tar has higher activity and guarantees the source of H2 in the later stage, which promotes the rapid reduction of iron sand at low temperature. Under the conditions of reduction temperature of 1120 °C and reduction for 80 min, the iron powder with 97.81% metallization and 97.81% Fe recovery can be obtained, as well as the titanium-rich slag with a TiO2 recovery of 69.98% and a V2O5 recovery of 59.93%.
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Key words:
- iron sand /
- rapid direct reduction by low temperature /
- biomass /
- pyrolysis products
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图 5 海砂矿内配生物质还原工艺流程
Figure 5. Process flow diagram of biomass reduction allotted within iron sand
图 6 FeTi2O4与Fe3O4还原反应气相平衡
Figure 6. Gas phase equilibrium diagram of FeTi2O4 and Fe3O4 reduction reaction
图 7 还原时间为80 min时反应罐内压力随时间的变化
Figure 7. Variation of pressure in the reaction tank with time for a reduction time of 80 min
图 8 不同温度下海砂矿的金属化率和残碳含量
Figure 8. Metallization rate and residual carbon content of sea sand ore at different temperatures
图 9 不同还原温度下海砂矿的还原及分离富集效果
Figure 9. Reduction and separation enrichment effect of iron sand under different reduction temperatures
图 10 不同温度下海砂矿的还原产物SEM形貌
A-金属铁；B-富钛相；C-硅酸盐相
Figure 10. SEM images of the reduction products of sea sand ore at different temperatures
(a) 1000 ℃；(b) 1040 ℃；(c) 1080 ℃；(d) 1120 ℃
图 11 1120 ℃下所得还原产物的SEM-EDS谱
Figure 11. SEM-EDS map of the reduction products obtained at 1120 ℃
表 1 海砂矿化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of iron sand
% TFe FeO Fe2O3 TiO2 V2O5 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO MnO Na2O K2O S P 烧失 54.27 29.08 45.27 10.88 0.68 4.01 3.67 0.48 3.68 0.44 0.079 0.020 0.059 0.027 0.29 
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表 2 海砂矿粒度组成
Table 2. Iron sand particle size composition
粒度/μm 粒级含量/% +212 22.22 150～212 23.30 75～150 52.14 45～75 1.78 −45 0.56 合计 100
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表 3 还原剂分析
Table 3. Analysis of reducing agents
% 生物质工业分析 生物质元素分析 水分 挥发分 固定碳 灰分 C H O N Cl 5.55 80.13 12.61 1.71 48.57 6.09 43.82 0.18 0.014
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表 4 生物质灰分分析
Table 4. Analysis of ash content of biomass
% SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O Cl 16.13 3.34 61.60 7.16 0.83 2.94 0.013
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