Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and impact properties of low-carbon high-alloy bearing steel
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摘要: 以低碳高合金轴承钢为研究对象，通过OM、SEM、XRD等手段，研究了回火温度对显微组织和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明，低碳高合金轴承钢分别经过200、300、400、500 ℃回火处理后，金相显微组织均为回火马氏体+残余奥氏体；600 ℃和700 ℃回火处理后，马氏体组织发生退化，金相显微组织均为回火索氏体+残余奥氏体。低碳高合金轴承钢在200～700 ℃温度区间回火处理后，300 ℃回火冲击韧性最高，600 ℃回火冲击韧性最低，回火温度不宜超过500 ℃。低碳高合金轴承钢在200～500 ℃回火后断口特征均为准解离断裂，600 ℃和700 ℃回火表现为明显的脆性断裂特征。Abstract: The effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and impact toughness of low-carbon, high-alloy bearing steel was studied by OM, SEM, and XRD. The results show that the metallographic microstructure for the low-carbon, high-alloy bearing steel consisted of tempered martensite and retained austenite when the tempering temperature is 200, 300, 400, 500 ℃, respectively. Furthermore, martensite degradation occurs, and the microstructure consists of tempered soxbite and retained austenite when the tempering temperature increases to 600 ℃ and 700 ℃. After tempering at 200-700 ℃, the impact toughness of low-carbon, high-alloy bearing steel tempered at 300 ℃ is the highest, that tempered at 600 ℃ is the lowest, and the tempering temperature should not exceed 500 ℃. The fracture characteristics of low-carbon, high-alloy bearing steel after tempering at 200-500 ℃ are quasi-dissociative fractures, and the tempering at 600 ℃ and 700 ℃ are brittle fractures.
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图 1 不同回火温度下的金相组织
(a) 200 ℃; (b) 300 ℃; (c) 400 ℃; (d) 500 ℃; (e) 600 ℃; (f) 700 ℃
Figure 1. Optical microstructures of tested steel at different tempering temperatures
图 2 不同回火温度下的XDR图谱
Figure 2. XRD patterns of tested steel at different tempering temperatures
图 3 不同回火温度下的残余奥氏体含量
Figure 3. Retained austenite contents of tested steel at different tempering temperatures
图 4 不同回火温度下的冲击韧性值
Figure 4. Impact toughness values of tested steel at different tempering temperatures
图 5 不同回火温度下的SEM组织
(a) 200 ℃; (b) 300 ℃; (c) 400 ℃; (d) 500 ℃; (e) 600 ℃; (f) 700 ℃
Figure 5. SEM microstructures of tested steel at different tempering temperatures
图 6 不同回火温度的断口形貌
(a) 200 ℃; (b) 300 ℃; (c) 400 ℃; (d) 500 ℃; (e) 600 ℃; (f) 700 ℃
Figure 6. Fracture morphologies of tested steel at different tempering temperatures
表 1 试验钢化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of tested steel
% C Cr Ni Co Mo V Fe 0.14 13.5 2.0 12.5 4.6 0.60 余量 
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