Effect of deoxidizer on non-metallic inclusions in M50NiL steel
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摘要: 在航空发动机用轴承钢M50NiL的真空冶炼过程中使用不同脱氧剂进行脱氧 ， 重点研究了不同脱氧剂类型对钢中夹杂物形貌、类型、尺寸及数量密度的影响。结果表明，未添加脱氧剂时，钢中夹杂物主要为Al2O3和铝镁尖晶石；使用Al-RE作为脱氧剂后，钢中夹杂物的主要类型为稀土夹杂物；而使用Al-RE-Si-Mn作为脱氧剂后，钢中夹杂物类型、尺寸及分布特征与Al-RE脱氧剂基本相当。稀土元素的加入能明显改善钢中夹杂物的类型及形貌，使主要夹杂物类型由带有棱角且形状不规则的富Al2O3型夹杂物转变为近球形的稀土夹杂物，同时降低了钢中夹杂物的最大尺寸,以及大尺寸的Al2O3夹杂物数量，但过量的稀土使得钢中出现了稀土夹杂物的团聚。
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关键词:
- M50NiL钢 /
- 脱氧剂 /
- Al-RE /
- Al-RE-Si-Mn /
- 非金属夹杂物
Abstract: Different deoxidizers were used for deoxidation in the vacuum smelting process of aero-engine bearing steel M50NiL, and the influence of different deoxidizer types on the morphology, type, size and number density of inclusions in the steel were studied. The results indicate that without adding deoxidizer, the inclusions in steel are mainly Al2O3 and Al-Mg spinel. After using Al-RE as deoxidizer, the main types of inclusions in steel are rare earth inclusions. When Al-RE-Si-Mn is used as deoxidizer, the type, size and distribution characteristics of inclusions in steel are basically similar to those of Al-RE deoxidizer. The addition of rare earth elements can significantly improve the type and morphology of inclusions in steel, where the main inclusion types are transformed from Al2O3-rich inclusions with angular and irregular shapes to nearly spherical rare earth inclusions, while reduce the maximum size of inclusions in steel and the number of large-sized Al2O3 inclusions. However, excessive addition of rare earth causes the agglomeration of rare earth inclusions in steel.-
Key words:
- M50NiL steel /
- deoxidizer /
- Al-RE /
- Al-RE-Si-Mn /
- non-metallic inclusions
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图 1 不同试验钢中夹杂物的类型及分布
Figure 1. Types and distribution of inclusions in different test steels
图 2 不同试验钢中稀土夹杂物、Al2O3以及SiO2夹杂物的数量密度
Figure 2. Number density of rare earth inclusions, Al2O3 and SiO2 inclusions in different test steels
图 4 未加脱氧剂M50NiL钢中典型夹杂物的形貌（SEM）及元素分布
Figure 4. Morphology (SEM) and element distribution of typical inclusions in M50NiL steel without deoxidizer
图 5 加入Al-RE脱氧剂后M50NiL钢中典型夹杂物的形貌（SEM）及元素分布
Figure 5. Morphology (SEM) and element distribution of typical inclusions in M50NiL steel after adding Al-RE deoxidizer
图 6 加入Al-RE-Si-Mn脱氧剂后M50NiL钢中典型夹杂物的形貌（SEM）及元素分布
Figure 6. Morphology (SEM) and element distribution of typical inclusions in M50NiL steel after adding Al-RE-Si-Mn deoxidizer
表 1 M50NiL钢主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical composition of M50NiL steel
% C Cr Mo Ni V Fe 0.11～0.15 4～4.25 4～4.5 3.2～3.6 1.13～1.33 Bal. 
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表 2 冶炼原料中的铝元素含量
Table 2. Aluminum content in smelting raw materials
% 纯Fe 金属Cr Mo条 金属V Ni板 0.0216 <0.0005 <0.0005 0.10 <0.0005
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表 3 不同试验钢中主要夹杂物类型的尺寸分布
Table 3. Size distribution of main inclusions in different test steels
脱氧剂类型 Al2O3夹杂粒级占比/% 稀土夹杂粒级占比/% 0～2 μm 2～10 μm ＞10 μm 0～2 μm 2～10 μm ＞10 μm 未加脱氧剂 80.8 18.1 1.0 加Al-RE 29.9 65.1 5.0 54.9 44.8 0.4 加Al-RE-Si-Mn 31.3 64.1 4.7 68.0 31.8 0.2
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