Study on wear resistance of nitriding coatings of Ti-Al base multielement alloys
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摘要: 以攀枝花酸溶性钛渣、铝粉、氧化钙为原料制备钛铝基多元合金，并将钛铝基多元合金在不同温度不同时间条件下直接氮化处理，得到氮化层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、三维形貌仪等对制得的氮化层的性能进行检测分析。结果表明，在不同条件下对钛铝基多元合金进行直接氮化，均能提高合金的表面硬度及耐磨性。氮化温度对合金硬度及耐磨性能的影响较大，氮化时间为2 h时，适宜的氮化温度为800 ℃，此时氮化层的平均硬度（HV）高达698.8，平均摩擦系数为0.120，往复摩擦的磨损率为19.44 mm3/（N·m），表面粗糙度为0.731 μm；氮化温度为900 ℃时，适宜的氮化时间为3 h，此时得到的氮化层硬度（HV）为682.6，平均摩擦系数为0.059，往复摩擦的磨损率为9.48 mm3/（N·m），表面粗糙度为0.601 μm。Abstract: In this paper, the titanium-aluminum-based multi-component alloy was prepared from Panzhihua acid-soluble titanium slag, aluminum powder and calcium oxide. After directly nitriding treatment at different temperatures and different time, a nitrided layer was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, microhardness tester, friction and wear testing machine, and three-dimensional topography instrument were used to detect and analyze the properties of the nitriding layer. The results show that the surface hardness and wear resistance of Ti-Al based multielement alloy can be improved by direct nitriding under different conditions. The nitriding temperature has a great effect on the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy. When the nitriding time is 2 h, the optimum nitriding temperature is 800 ℃, the average hardness (HV) of the nitriding layer is up to 698.8, the average friction coefficient is 0.120, the reciprocating friction wear rate is 19.44 mm3/(N·m), and the surface roughness is 0.731 μm. When the nitriding temperature is 900 ℃ and the optimum nitriding time is 3 h, the hardness (HV) of nitriding layer is 682.6, the average friction coefficient is 0.059, the reciprocating friction wear rate is 9.48 mm3/(N·m), and the surface roughness is 0.601 μm.
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Key words:
- Ti-Al base multi-element alloy /
- direct nitriding /
- nitriding layer /
- wear resistance
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图 1 不同温度制得的氮化层物相组成
Figure 1. Phase compositions of nitrided layer prepared at different temperatures
图 2 不同温度下制得的氮化层的表面及基体结合层的SEM
（a）800 ℃；（b）900 ℃；（c）1000 ℃；（d）1100 ℃；（e）1200 ℃；（e1）1200 ℃氮化层表面微观结构
Figure 2. SEM of nitriding coating surface and substrate binding layer prepared at different temperatures
图 3 不同温度下氮化层氮含量（原子分数）平均值
Figure 3. The average nitrogen content of nitrided layer at different temperatures
图 4 不同温度下制得的氮化层的显微硬度
Figure 4. Microhardness of nitriding coatings prepared at different temperatures
图 5 不同氮化温度下制得的氮化层的摩擦系数变化情况
Figure 5. Changes of friction coefficient of nitriding layer prepared at different nitriding temperatures
图 6 不同氮化温度制得的氮化层的三维形貌
Figure 6. 3D morphologies of coatings prepared at different nitriding temperatures
图 7 不同氮化时间制得的氮化层的物相分析
Figure 7. Phase analysis of coatings prepared with different nitriding time
图 8 不同氮化时间条件下制得的氮化层的表面及基体结合层的SEM图像
(a)1 h；(b)2 h；(c)3 h；(d)4 h；(e)5 h；(f)原样
Figure 8. SEM images of the coating surface and substrate binding layer prepared under different nitriding time
图 9 不同氮化时间制得的氮化层的表面及基体结合层的EDS中平均N含量（原子分数）
Figure 9. EDS mean N content of nitriding layer surface and matrix binding layer prepared under different nitriding time
图 10 不同氮化时间条件下制得的氮化层的显微硬度
Figure 10. Microhardness of coatings prepared at different nitriding time
图 11 不同保温时间下制得的氮化层的摩擦系数变化情况
Figure 11. Changes of friction coefficient of nitriding layer prepared under different holding time
图 12 不同氮化时间条件下制得的氮化层磨损后的三维形貌
Figure 12. 3D morphologies of worn nitriding coatings prepared at different nitriding time
表 1 钛铝基多元合金化学组成
Table 1. Chemical composition of Ti-Al base multielement alloy
% Ti Al Fe Si Mn O 50.11 38.16 6.88 1.43 3.35 0.07 
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表 2 氮化温度不同制得的氮化层的磨损量、磨损体积及磨损率
Table 2. Wear amount, wear volume and wear rate of coatings prepared at different nitriding temperatures
氮化温度/℃ 磨损量/g 磨损体积/mm3 磨损率/[mm3·(N·m)−1] 原样 0.00017 8.69×10−3 34.76 800 0.00006 4.86×10−3 19.44 900 0.00009 7.91×10−3 31.64 1000 0.00013 6.30×10−3 25.2 1100 0.00011 7.05×10−3 28.2 1200 0.00013 6.47×10−3 25.88
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表 3 氮化时间不同的氮化层的磨损量、磨损体积及磨损率
Table 3. Wear amount, wear volume and wear rate of nitriding coatings with different nitriding time
氮化时间/h 磨损量/g 磨损体积/mm3 磨损率/[mm3·（N·m)−1] 原样 0.00017 8.69×10−3 34.76 1 0.00016 8.60×10−3 34 2 0.00009 7.91×10−3 31.64 3 0.00004 2.37×10−3 9.48 4 0.00010 6.97×10−3 27.88 5 0.00007 3.36×10−3 13.44
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