Experimental study on quality improvement and impurity reduction of a vanadium-titanium iron concentrate in Panxi
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摘要: 攀西某钒钛铁精矿TFe为55.88%，主要杂质元素化学成分为TiO2、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO，粒状钛铁矿及脉石矿物等杂质组分占比达14.26%，钛铁矿主要以客晶形式嵌布于钛磁铁矿基底中，粗、细粒铁精矿中杂质组分及嵌布特征差异显著。针对该样品，在实验室开展了“预先分级—粗粒再磨磁选”“预先分级—粗粒再磨磁选—细粒磁选”“深度磁选—分级—粗粒再磨磁选”3种工艺对比试验，以及电磁湿法鼓式磁选机、高频谐波磁选机、磁选柱3种磁选设备对比试验，并对提质前后铁精矿的主要化学成分及矿物组分进行了对比分析。研究表明，以电磁湿法鼓式磁选机为选别设备，采用“预先分级（0.074 mm）-粗粒再磨（−0.074 mm占96.50%）磁选—细粒直接磁选”工艺的提质效果最优，该钒钛铁精矿经提质后TFe提升3.36个百分点，杂质组分占比累计降低了6.92个百分点，TFe/TiO2提高了3.44个百分点。Abstract: The TFe grade of a vanadium-titanium-iron concentrate in Panxi is 55.88%. The chemical composition of the main impurity elements in the sample include TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO and CaO, the proportion of impurities such as granular ilmenite and gangue minerals accountes for 14.26%. Ilmenite is mainly embedded in the titanium magnetite base in the form of guest crystals, and there are significant differences in impurity components and distribution characteristics between coarse and fine grained ferrotitanium vanadium concentrates. Three comparative experiments were conducted on the vanadium titanium iron concentrate, including "preliminary classification - coarse particle regrinding magnetic separation", "preliminary classification - coarse particle regrinding magnetic separation - fine particle magnetic separation", and "deep magnetic separation - classification - coarse particle regrinding magnetic separation". Meanwhile, magnetic separation equipment comparative tests were cared out by using electromagnetic wet drum magnetic separator, high-frequency harmonic magnetic separator and magnetic separation column. In addition, a comparative analysis was conducted on the main chemical and mineral components of the iron concentrate before and after upgrading. Research results show that using an electromagnetic wet drum magnetic separator as the sorting equipment, the process of "preliminary grading (0.074mm) - coarse particle regrinding (−0.074 mm accounting for 96.50%) magnetic separation - direct magnetic separation with fine particle" has the best quality improvement effect. After the quality improvement, the TFe grade of the vanadium titanium iron concentrate increases by 3.36 percentage points, the proportion of impurities decreases by 6.92 percentage points, and the TFe/TiO2 increases by 3.44 percentage points.
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图 1 矿物嵌布特征照片
1-钛磁铁矿；2-脉石；3-磁黄铁矿
Figure 1. Photographs of mineral embedding characteristics
图 2 “预先分级—粗粒再磨磁选”工艺流程
Figure 2. "Preliminary classification-coarse grain grinding magnetic separation" process
图 3 “预先分级—粗粒再磨磁选—细粒磁选”工艺流程
Figure 3. "Preliminary classification-coarse grain grinding magnetic separation-fine magnetic separation" process
图 4 “深度磁选—分级—粗粒再磨磁选”工艺流程
Figure 4. "Deep magnetic separation-classification-coarse particle grinding magnetic separation" process
表 1 矿样主要化学成分分析结果
Table 1. Chemical composition analysis results of the sample
% TFe FeO TiO2 V2O5 Co S Cu Ni 55.88 32.89 9.68 0.715 0.017 0.47 0.029 0.021 SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO Mn Na2O K2O 4.01 3.60 0.53 3.18 0.304 0.078 0.018 
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表 2 矿物组成及含量
Table 2. The mineral composition and contents of the sample
% 钛磁铁矿 磁黄铁矿 粒状钛铁矿 绿泥石 蛇纹石 镁铝尖晶石 84.41 1.33 1.35 3.54 3.47 1.47 钙长石 榍石 透闪石—阳起石 钠长石 其它脉石 合计 1.44 0.51 0.44 0.37 1.67 100.00
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表 3 矿样粒度分析及主要化学成分沿粒度分布规律
Table 3. Particle size analysis and distribution of main chemical components along particle size
粒级/mm 产率/% 品位/% TFe TiO2 V2O5 S SiO2 Al2O3 MgO +0.25 1.93 34.25 6.65 0.362 0.444 22.14 7.18 10.86 −0.25～+0.15 5.78 46.06 8.96 0.562 0.484 11.05 5.09 6.88 −0.15～+0.10 8.48 51.50 9.78 0.638 0.479 7.02 4.51 5.09 −0.10～+0.074 9.89 54.69 10.13 0.696 0.476 4.58 4.05 3.89 −0.074～+0.043 16.52 56.50 10.26 0.721 0.485 3.14 3.67 3.07 −0.043～+0.038 6.96 57.50 10.14 0.734 0.492 2.67 3.56 2.83 −0.038 50.44 58.38 9.52 0.731 0.476 2.23 3.20 2.35 合计 100.00 55.88 9.68 0.701 0.478 3.94 3.68 3.31
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表 4 提质工艺试验结果
Table 4. The results of improving processes test
工艺流程 产品名称 产率/% TFe品位/% TFe回收率/% 预先分级—粗粒
再磨磁选铁精矿1 20.68 59.00 21.85 铁精矿2 73.92 57.88 76.64 混合铁精矿 94.60 58.13 98.49 尾 矿 5.40 15.62 1.51 原 矿 100.00 55.83 100.00 预先分级—粗粒再磨
磁选—细粒磁选铁精矿1 20.68 59.00 21.83 铁精矿2 71.42 59.31 75.80 混合铁精矿 92.10 59.24 97.63 尾矿1 5.40 15.62 1.51 尾矿2 2.27 21.17 0.86 尾矿合计 7.67 17.27 2.37 原 矿 100.00 55.88 100.00 深度磁选—分级—粗粒
再磨磁选铁精矿1 19.15 59.12 20.27 铁精矿2 74.26 58.50 77.80 混合铁精矿 93.41 58.63 98.07 尾矿1 1.34 19.50 0.47 尾矿2 5.25 15.53 1.46 尾矿合计 6.59 16.35 1.93 原 矿 100.00 55.84 100.00
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表 5 磁选设备种类试验结果
Table 5. The results of magnetic separation equipment type tests
磁选设备
种类产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 回收率/% TFe TiO2 TFe TiO2 电磁湿法鼓式
磁选机铁精矿1 20.68 59.00 10.15 21.83 21.81 铁精矿2 71.42 59.31 9.78 75.80 72.58 混合铁精矿 92.10 59.24 9.86 97.63 94.39 尾矿1 5.40 15.62 6.53 1.51 3.66 尾矿2 2.27 21.17 8.25 0.86 1.95 尾矿合计 7.67 17.27 7.04 2.37 5.61 原 矿 100.00 55.88 9.62 100.00 100.00 高频谐波
磁选机铁精矿1 20.70 59.07 10.17 21.88 21.88 铁精矿2 71.35 59.22 9.74 75.61 72.23 混合铁精矿 92.05 59.19 9.84 97.49 94.10 尾矿1 5.32 15.25 6.62 1.45 3.66 尾矿2 2.63 22.38 8.18 1.05 2.24 尾矿合计 7.95 17.61 7.14 2.51 5.90 原 矿 100.00 55.88 9.62 100.00 100.00 磁选柱 铁精矿1 21.01 58.69 10.12 22.06 21.97 铁精矿2 71.17 59.05 9.81 75.18 72.13 混合铁精矿 92.18 58.97 9.88 97.24 94.09 尾矿1 5.44 17.88 6.87 1.74 3.86 尾矿2 2.38 24.00 8.33 1.02 2.05 尾矿合计 7.82 19.74 7.31 2.76 5.91 原 矿 100.00 55.90 9.68 100.00 100.00
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表 6 提质前后铁精矿主要化学成分变化
Table 6. Changes of main chemical compositions of iron concentrate before and after improving quality
% TFe TiO2 V2O5 S SiO2 CaO MgO Al2O3 Na2O K2O TFe/TiO2 原 矿 55.88 9.62 0.715 0.47 4.01 0.53 3.18 3.60 0.078 0.018 5.81 混合铁精矿 59.24 9.86 0.743 0.37 1.84 0.25 2.18 3.23 0.036 0.009 6.01 差值（百分点） +3.36 +0.24 +0.028 −0.10 −2.17 −0.28 −1.00 −0.37 −0.042 −0.009 +0.20
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表 7 提质前后铁精矿主要矿物成分变化
Table 7. Changes of main mineral compositions of iron concentrate before and after improving quality
% 钛磁铁矿 磁黄铁矿 粒状钛铁矿 绿泥石 蛇纹石 镁铝尖晶石 钙长石 榍石 透闪石—阳起石 钠长石 其他 原 矿 84.41 1.33 1.35 3.54 3.47 1.47 1.44 0.51 0.44 0.37 1.67 混合铁精矿 91.54 1.14 0.72 1.63 2.09 0.79 0.63 0.28 0.21 0.18 0.79 差值（百分点） +7.13 −0.19 −0.63 −1.91 −1.38 −0.68 −0.81 −0.23 −0.23 −0.19 −0.88
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