Experimental study on phosphorus flotation of an iron tailings in northern China
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摘要: 北方某选铁尾矿含P2O5 2.93%，多数为晶质磷灰石，属于低品位磷资源。为了实现铁尾矿中磷的高效回收，针对其性质特点，进行了浮磷试验研究，并分析了主要因素的影响。最终，在最佳条件下（以氧化石蜡皂为捕收剂，用量为1200 g/t；碳酸钠为pH调整剂，用量为2 000 g/t；水玻璃为抑制剂，用量为200 g/t）采用“一粗—三精”的大开路小闭路流程，获得了理想的技术指标，磷精矿含P2O5达33.19%、回收率达82.98%。Abstract: An iron tailings in the northern China contains 2.93% P2O5, most of which is crystalline apatite and belongs to low-grade phosphorus resources. In order to realize the efficient recovery of phosphorus in the iron tailings, the experimental study on phosphorus flotation was carried out according to its characteristics, and the influence of main factors was emphatically analyzed. Finally, the optimal conditions were obtained using oxidized paraffin soap as the collector with the amount of 1200 g/t, sodium carbonate as the pH adjusting agent with a dosage of 2000 g/t and water glass as the inhibitor with the amount of 200 g/t. The ideal technical index was obtained with the P2O5 content of 33.19% in the phosphate concentrate and the recovery rate of 82.98% under the large open and small closed circuit process with "one coarse-three fine".
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Key words:
- iron tailings /
- apatite /
- flotation /
- comprehensive recovery
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图 1 试样（选铁尾矿）宏观形貌
注：图中的块状部分是矿浆固结所致，并非试样的实际粒度。
Figure 1. Macromorphology of the sample (iron tailings)
图 2 捕收剂的优选试验结果
注：A代表油酸钠＋氧化石蜡皂：800 g/t＋800 g/t；B代表氧化石蜡皂：1600 g/t
Figure 2. Optimal test results of collectors
图 3 氧化石蜡皂用量对选别指标的影响
Figure 3. Effect of dosage of oxidized paraffin soap on selection index
表 1 原矿多元素分析结果
Table 1. Results of multi-element analysis of raw ore
% TFe SiO2 Al2O3 CaO MgO S P2O5 TiO2 V2O5 12.17 43.45 13.46 8.39 5.04 0.421 2.93 2.31 0.053 
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表 2 原矿粒度分析结果
Table 2. Particle size analysis result of raw ore
% 粒级/mm 产率/% P2O5品位/% P2O5分布率/% 个别 平均 个别 累计 ＋0.25 16.29 1.51 8.91 ＋0.15 ～ –0.25 11.15 1.87 0.45 7.55 16.46 ＋0.075 ～ –0.15 23.54 2.28 0.99 19.45 35.91 ＋0.045 ～ –0.075 12.97 2.71 1.34 12.74 48.65 –0.045 36.05 4.38 2.92 51.35 100.00
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表 3 一粗–一扫–三精全闭路试验结果
Table 3. One rough-one sweep-three fine full closed circuit test results
产品名称 产率/% P2O5品位/% P2O5回收率/% 个别 平均 个别 累计 精矿 7.90 31.09 85.56 尾矿 92.10 0.45 2.87 14.44 100
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表 4 大开路式闭路（一粗–三精）试验结果
Table 4. Open-circuit closed-circuit ( one rough-three fine ) test results
产品
名称产率/% P2O5品位/% P2O5回收率/% 个别 累计 个别 平均 个别 累计 精矿 6.90 33.19 82.98 精Ⅰ尾矿 5.58 12.48 0.73 2.33 1.48 84.46 粗选尾矿 87.52 100 0.49 2.76 15.54 100
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