Processing parameters, microstructures and mechanical property of Al/steel dissimilar metals butt joint made by CMT welding-brazing
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摘要: 采用厚度均为2 mm的Q235钢与5052铝合金板进行CMT电弧对接熔钎焊，研究焊接速度、送丝速度对接头焊缝成形、界面微观组织与力学性能的影响。试验结果表明，在送丝速度为5.6 m/min、焊接速度为0.48 m/min时背部成形良好，钎料在母材的润湿铺展较好。界面处生成了平均厚度小于10 μm的金属间化合物层，其成分以针状向钢侧生长的Fe2Al5和靠近铝侧的较为均匀的FeAl3为主。当钎料润湿铺展较好且有背部成形时，接头强度较高，接头在铝母材处发生颈缩，接头承载强度可达158.3 MPa。其余试样均断裂在铝/钢界面处，随着界面处金属间化合物厚度的降低，强度有所提高。铣除余高后，接头强度明显降低，接头最高抗拉强度仅为67.9 MPa。Abstract: A 2 mm thick Q235 steel plate and a 5052 aluminum alloy plate had been used for CMT arc butt welding-brazing. The effects of welding speed and wire feeding speed on joint weld formation, interface microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that when the wire feeding speed is 5.6 m/min and the welding speed is 0.48 m/min, the back weld formation, the wetting and spreading of filler in the base metal can be achieve at satisfied level. A interfacial reaction layer with average thickness less than 10 μm forms. The intermetallic compound layer is mainly composed of needle like Fe2Al5 growing towards the steel side and FeAl3 near the aluminum side. When the filler is well wetted and spread, and had back forming, the joint strength can reach 158.3 MPa and the joint fractured at the aluminum base metal. For the rest of the samples, they were broken at the brazing interface, and the joint strength increased with the decrease of the thickness of intermetallic compound at the interface. After removing the joint reinforcement, the joint strength decreased obviously and the highest tensile strength of welding joints is only 67.9 MPa.
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Key words:
- Al/steel joint /
- CMT arc /
- processing parameters /
- microstructures /
- mechanical property
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图 3 焊接速度对焊缝成形的影响
Figure 3. Influence of welding speed on the weld formation
（a）0.48 m/min；（b）0.54 m/min；（c）0.60 m/min
图 4 送丝速度对焊缝成形的影响
Figure 4. Influence of wire feed speed on the weld formation
（a）4.6 m/min;（b）5.1 m/min;（c）5.6 m/min
图 6 焊接速度对界面区微观组织的影响
Figure 6. Influence of welding speed on the interfacial microstructures
（a）0.48 m/min;（b）0.54 m/min;（c）0.60 m/min
图 7 送丝速度对界面区微观组织的影响
Figure 7. Influence of wire feed speed on the interfacial microstructures
（a）4.6 m/min（b）5.1 m/min（c）5.6 m/min
表 1 焊接母材与焊丝的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of base metals and filler wire
% 牌号 C Si Fe Cu Mn Mg Cr Zn Ti Al 5052 0.1 0.25 <0.01 2.46 0.22 0 Bal Q235 0.01 0.1 Bal 0.1 0.44 0.7 0.1 0.1 ER5356 ≤0.25 ≤0.4 ≤0.1 0.05~0.2 4.4~5.5 ≤0.1 Bal 
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表 2 不同焊接速度的焊接参数
Table 2. Welding parameters of CMT with different welding speeds
编号 焊接速度/(m·min−1) 焊接电压/V 送丝速度/(m·min−1) 焊接电流/A 线能量/(kJ·m−1) 1# 0.48 13.3 5.6 96 159.6 2# 0.54 13.3 5.6 96 141.9 3# 0.60 13.3 5.6 96 127.7
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表 3 不同送丝速度的焊接参数
Table 3. Welding parameters of CMT with different wire feeding speeds
编号 送丝速度/(m·min−1) 焊接电流/A 焊接电压/V 焊接速度/(m·min−1) 线能量/(kJ·m−1) 1# 4.6 78 12.3 0.48 119.9 2# 5.1 86 12.8 0.48 137.6 3# 5.6 96 13.3 0.48 159.6
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表 4 界面区不同区域成分
Table 4. Different regional components of interface area
% 编号 Fe Al 1 24.68 75.32 2 26.93 73.07
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