Research status and prospect of high-strength β-titanium alloy
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摘要: 对于钛合金来说，合金元素的种类以及含量对合金性能有很大的影响。而对于β钛合金，主要问题是如何选择β稳定元素以及控制β稳定元素的添加量。综述了不同合金元素对β钛合金的影响，并总结了国内外高强β钛合金的发展过程及现状。重点介绍了美国的Ti-1023、β21-S和俄罗斯的BT22、Ti-5553以及中国的Ti-5523合金。此外，从添加小尺寸间隙元素来控制合金相的大小、形态及种类的角度，对提升β钛合金强度进行了展望，以期使β钛合金的强度进一步提高。最后总结了β钛合金发展过程中遇到的困难及β钛合金可能的发展方向。Abstract: For titanium alloys, the type and content of alloying elements have a great impact on the properties of the alloy. For β-titanium alloy, the main problem is how to select β-stable elements and control the addition of β-stable elements. In this paper, the influence of different alloyed elements on β-titanium alloy is reviewed, and the development process and current situation of high-strength β-titanium alloy at home and abroad are summarized. The American Ti-1023, β21-S, Russian BT22, Ti-5553 and Chinese Ti-5523 are mainly introduced. In addition, from the perspective of controlling the size, shape and type of the alloy phase by adding small size gap elements, the improvement of the strength of β-titanium alloy is prospected, in order to further improve the strength of β-titanium alloy. Finally, the difficulties encountered in the development of β-titanium alloy and the possible development direction of β-titanium alloy are summarized.
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Key words:
- β titanium alloy /
- microalloying /
- β-stable elements /
- interstitial element /
- mechanical property
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图 3 (a)Ti-24Nb; (b)Ti-24Nb-0.5N的XRD谱[58]
Figure 3. XRD patterns of (a) Ti-24Nb and (b) Ti-24Nb-0.5N
图 4 固溶处理的 (a)Ti-24Nb; (b)Ti-24Nb-0.5N的光学显微照片[59]
Figure 4. Optical micrographs of the solution-treated Ti–24Nb (a) and Ti–24Nb–0.5N (b) alloys
表 1 国内外研究的部分高强β钛合金[26]
Table 1. Some β-titanium alloys developed by China and foreign countries
类别 商用名称 成分 研制国家 钼当量 应用 Ti-16-2 Ti-16V-2.5Al 美国 8.4 高强、中温 BT22 Ti-5A1-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe 前苏联 8.0 高强锻件 近β钛合金 BT30 Ti-11V-4Zr-6Sn 前苏联 7.4 发动机 SP-700 Ti-5A1-3V-2Mo-2Fe 日本 5.3 超塑成形 TC6 Ti-3A1-6V-5Mo-11Cr 前苏联 21.6 弹性元件 BT15 Ti-3A1-7V-11Cr 前苏联 21.6 弹性元件 Ti-1-8-5 Ti-1A1-8V-5Fe 美国 19 紧固件 TB2 Ti-5Mo-5V-8Cr-3Al 中国 18.2 紧固件 TMZF Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe 美国 18 矫形植入件 亚稳β钛合金 β-C Ti-3A1-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr 美国 16 结构件 IMI-205 Ti-15Mo 英国 15 耐蚀合金 Ti-8-8-2-3 Ti-8V-8Mo-2Fe-3Al 美国 15 高强锻件 BT3 Ti-10Mo-8V-1Fe-3.5Al 中国 13.9 紧固件 BT4 Ti-4Al-7Mo-10V-2Fe-1Zr 中国 13.7 紧固件 Ti-15-3 Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al 美国 12 板材、骨架 Alloy C Ti-35V-15Cr 美国 47 阻燃合金 稳定β钛合金 Ti-40Mo 美国 40 阻燃合金 Ti40 Ti-25V-15Cr-0.2Si 中国 40 阻燃合金 
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表 2 不同热处理条件下β-21S合金的力学性能[32]
Table 2. Mechanical properties of β-21S alloy under different heat treatment conditions
时效制度 性能 温度/ ℃ 时间/h 加热速率/ （K·s−1） σb/MPa σ0.2/MPa δ/% Ψ/% 500 8 0.25 1 400 1 340 4.8 25 520 8 0.25 1 489 1 435 8.5 39 520 8 0.03 1 560 1 547 3.8 27 520 16 0.25 1 533 1 481 10.0 48 538 8 0.25 1 388 1 334 11.2 46 工艺C 工艺C 0.25 1 620 1 570 9.8 38 注：工艺C指300 ℃，8 h+500 ℃，8 h时效。
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表 3 BT22时效处理后的力学性能[36]
Table 3. Mechanical properties of BT22 after aging treatment
时效制度 σb/MPa σ0.2/MPa δ/% Ψ/% 温度/ ℃ 时间/h 650 0 1009±13 1103±30 5.8 26±4 650 1 1120±15 1194±24 10.1 44±5 650 2 1165±19 1243±26 8.5 51±6 650 4 1219±22 1278±29 7.1 56±6 650 8 1247±18 1298±16 6.8 62±4
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表 4 美国和俄罗斯主要高强β钛合金的力学性能[7]
Table 4. Mechanical properties of some high-strength β-titanium alloys from USA and Russia
合金牌号 合金成分 热处理工艺 σ/MPa [Mo]eq BT22M Ti-5Al-5Mo-1V-1Cr-1Fe-1.5Sn-2Zr 退火 1 200 9.4 βCEZ Ti-5Al-4Mo-2Cr-1.2Fe-2Sn-4Zr 淬火+时效 1 506 9.7 Ti-17 Ti-5A1-2Sn-4Mo-4Cr-2Zr 退火 1 160 10.7 Ti-5A1-2Sn-4Mo-4Cr-2Zr 淬火+时效 1 300 βⅢ Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5Sn 淬火+时效 1 413 11.5 Ti-1023 Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al 淬火+时效 1 275 11.1 Ti-55531 Ti-5A1-5V-5Mo-3Cr-1Zr 淬火+时效 1 370 13.1 Ti-2041 Ti-4A1-20V-1Sn 淬火+时效 1 530 14.3 Ti-15-3 Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn 淬火+时效 1 475 15.7 BT35 Ti-15V-3Cr-3A1-3Sn-1Zr-1Mo 淬火+时效 1 275 16.7
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表 5 中国部分高强β钛合金的力学性能
Table 5. Mechanical properties of some high-strength β-titanium alloys in China
合金牌号 合金成分 热处理工艺 σ/MPa 应用 TB15 Ti-4A1-5Mo-5V-6Cr 固溶+时效 1 350 高强度组件 Ti-7333 Ti-7Mo-3Al-3Cr-3Nb 固溶+时效 1 350 高强度组件 M28 Ti-4A1-5V-5Mo-6Cr-1Nb 固溶+时效 1 350 高强度组件 TB17 Ti-4.5Al-6.5Mo-2Cr-2.6Nb-2Zr-1Sn 固溶+时效 1 350 高强度组件 TB19 Ti-3A1-5Mo-5V-4Cr-2Zr 固溶+时效 1 200 高强度耐腐蚀件 TB20 Ti-3.5A1-5Mo-4V-2Cr-2Zr-2Sn-1Fe 固溶+时效 1 300 高强度组件
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