Study on hot deformation and heat treatment of a novel series of high strength and wear resistance β titanium Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr alloy
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摘要: 以Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr系高强耐磨新型β钛合金为试验对象，研究了该新型β钛合金在不同变形条件下的热变形行为，分析了热处理工艺对新型β钛合金板材力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明，热压缩试验中变形速率越低，变形温度越高，合金热变形抗力就越小；再结晶晶粒数量随变形速率的降低而明显增加，再结晶晶粒尺寸随变形温度的降低而明显减小。热处理试验中采用合适的热处理工艺有效改善了冷轧板材的组织和力学性能，低温时效与高温退火工艺可以使板材的抗拉强度分别达到1686 MPa与1569 MPa，洛氏硬度（HRC）均保持在50以上。Abstract: Taking high strength and wear resistance β titanium Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr alloy as the research object, the hot deformation behaviors with varying hot working conditions were studied, and the influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold rolled sheet was analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: In the hot compression tests, the flow stress of this alloy decreases with the decreasing strain rate and increasing deformation temperature; the amount of recrystallized grains increases significantly with decreasing strain rate, the size of recrystallized grains diminishes obviously with decreasing deformation temperature. In the heat treatment tests, the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold rolled sheet can be effectively optimized with proper heat treatment process, tensile properties and Rockwell hardness are improved simultaneously by aging at lower temperature or annealing at higher temperature, with the tensile fracture strength of reaching 1686 MPa and 1569 MPa, respectively, while keeping the hardness (HRC) over 50 for either heat treatment process.
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图 1 经三次真空自耗熔炼的Ø300 mm新型β钛合金铸锭
Figure 1. The image of a novel β titanium alloy ingot with the diameter of 300 mm after three times of vacuum consumable electrode remelting
图 2 新合金在不同应变速率条件下的真应力-真应变曲线
Figure 2. True stress- strain curves for the novel β titanium alloy with different strain rates
（a）0.01 s−1；（b）0.1 s−1；（c）1 s−1；（d）10 s−1
图 3 不同变形温度下，应变速率10 s−1热压缩后的显微组织
Figure 3. The microstructures of the sample under the strain rate of 10 s−1 deformed at different temperatures
(a) 800 ℃；(b) 840 ℃； (c) 880 ℃； (d) 920 ℃
图 4 不同变形温度下，应变速率1 s−1热压缩后的显微组织
Figure 4. The microstructures of the sample under the strain rate of 1 s−1 deformed at different temperatures
(a) 800 ℃； (b) 840 ℃；(c) 880 ℃； (d) 920 ℃
图 5 不同温度和应变速率条件下，变形后的微观组织照片
Figure 5. The microstructures of the sample at varying strain rates and temperatures
(a) 920 ℃，$ \dot{\mathrm{\varepsilon }}=0.1 $ s−1； (b) 920 ℃，$ \dot{\mathrm{\varepsilon }}=1 $ s−1； (c) 800 ℃，$\dot{\mathrm{\varepsilon }}=0.1$ s−1； (d) 800 ℃， $ \dot{\mathrm{\varepsilon }}=1 $ s−1
图 6 不同放大倍数下，厚度为3 mm的冷轧板低温时效后的微观组织
时效温度：(a1)、(a2)350 ℃；(b1)、(b2)400 ℃；(c1)、(c2)450 ℃
Figure 6. The low-temperature aged microstructures of the cold rolled sheet with the thickness of 3 mm
图 7 不同放大倍数下，厚度为4 mm的冷轧板高温退火后的微观组织
退火温度：(a1)、(a2)730 ℃；(b1)、(b2):740 ℃；(c1)、(c2)750 ℃
Figure 7. The annealed microstructures of the cold rolled sheet with the thickness of 4 mm
表 1 冷轧板热处理工艺参数及性能测试项
Table 1. The heat treatment process parameters and performance test items of cold rolled sheet
编号 厚度尺
寸/mm热处理
温度/ ℃保温
时间/h冷却
方式测试
项目A1 3 350 24 空冷 HRC A2 3 400 24 空冷 HRC+室温拉伸 A3 3 450 24 空冷 HRC+室温拉伸 B1 4 730 0.33 水冷 HRC B2 4 740 0.33 水冷 HRC+室温拉伸 B3 4 750 0.33 水冷 HRC+室温拉伸 
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表 2 冷轧板低温时效与高温退火后的力学性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of the cold rolled sheet after heat treatment
编号 板厚/mm Rm/MPa A/% 硬度(HRC) A1 3 1621 3.2 50.4 A2 3 1659 2.5 50.2 A3 3 1686 1.5 50.4 B1 4 1562 ≤1.0 50.4 B2 4 1569 ≤1.0 50.4 B3 4 1549 ≤1.0 50.1
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