Thermodynamic Study of Carbothermal Reduction of Panzhihua Ilmenite Concentrate in Vacuum

In the present work,vacuum carbothermal reduction of Panzhihua ilmenite concentrate at various temperatures,system pressures and carbon addition was simulated using Fact Sage software. The results show that the total mass of the gas phase is increased and the mass of impurities in the slag phase is decreased with decrease in system pressure under 1 550 ℃ of temperature and 12% of carbon addition,which is beneficial to improve the reaction degree and obtain titanium slag with high quality. Under a pressure of 100 Pa and a temperature of 1 550 ℃,the reduction effect of the reaction can be improved with increasing carbon addition. Under 100 Pa of pressure and 12% of carbon addition,when the temperature exceeds 1 300 ℃,Mg,SiO,Mn vapor can be produced in the gas phase. The composition content of the gas and slag phase keeps at a stable level when the temperature is higher than 1 700 ℃,and the main oxides in slag phase are TiO₂ and Ti₂O₃ with 88% of grade for titanium slag.