2025, 46(2): 1-9.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.001
Abstract:
As important strategic metals, titanium and vanadium have some common problems such as low efficiency, high energy consumption and high cost in traditional fire or wet extraction and purification processes. Molten salt electrolysis technology provides a new idea for the extraction and purification of titanium and vanadium with its advantages of short process, high product purity and green environmental protection. In this paper, the latest research progress in the extraction and purification of titanium and vanadium by molten salt electrolysis was reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages and application potential of halides molten salts electrolysis, FFC method and USTB method were analyzed. The electrochemical behavior of titanium and vanadium in molten salt systems and the optimization strategy of process parameters were discussed. In the future, in terms of corrosion resistance of equipment materials, current efficiency improvement, and industrial scale application, the molten salt electrolysis technology of titanium and vanadium still needs to be further explored.
As important strategic metals, titanium and vanadium have some common problems such as low efficiency, high energy consumption and high cost in traditional fire or wet extraction and purification processes. Molten salt electrolysis technology provides a new idea for the extraction and purification of titanium and vanadium with its advantages of short process, high product purity and green environmental protection. In this paper, the latest research progress in the extraction and purification of titanium and vanadium by molten salt electrolysis was reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages and application potential of halides molten salts electrolysis, FFC method and USTB method were analyzed. The electrochemical behavior of titanium and vanadium in molten salt systems and the optimization strategy of process parameters were discussed. In the future, in terms of corrosion resistance of equipment materials, current efficiency improvement, and industrial scale application, the molten salt electrolysis technology of titanium and vanadium still needs to be further explored.
2025, 46(2): 39-45, 82.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.006
Abstract:
In this study, TC4 alloy ingots were prepared using surplus titanium plate, titanium chip, surplus titanium billet and high-purity raw material. The suitability of centrifugal casting technology to different scrap titanium was systematically analyzed in terms of composition, microstructure and hardness. The results show that the contents of N, O and H elements in the four ingots satisfy the requirements of GB/T6614-2014. However, due to the physical and chemical reactions that occur in scrap titanium materials during different hot forming processes, they can have an important influence on the solidification process of TC4 alloys, resulting in some differences in microstructural and mechanical properties of ingots. In addition, the hardness of the four ingots meets the requirements of GB/T6614-2014, which further confirms that the centrifugal casting technology can be applied to the recovery of scrap titanium. After heat treatment, the microstructure homogenization of 4# alloy was significantly improved, and the abnormal areas disappeared. The maximum hardness value of 32.5 HRC was obtained for the samples treated by vacuum argon quenching process I.
In this study, TC4 alloy ingots were prepared using surplus titanium plate, titanium chip, surplus titanium billet and high-purity raw material. The suitability of centrifugal casting technology to different scrap titanium was systematically analyzed in terms of composition, microstructure and hardness. The results show that the contents of N, O and H elements in the four ingots satisfy the requirements of GB/T6614-2014. However, due to the physical and chemical reactions that occur in scrap titanium materials during different hot forming processes, they can have an important influence on the solidification process of TC4 alloys, resulting in some differences in microstructural and mechanical properties of ingots. In addition, the hardness of the four ingots meets the requirements of GB/T6614-2014, which further confirms that the centrifugal casting technology can be applied to the recovery of scrap titanium. After heat treatment, the microstructure homogenization of 4# alloy was significantly improved, and the abnormal areas disappeared. The maximum hardness value of 32.5 HRC was obtained for the samples treated by vacuum argon quenching process I.
2025, 46(2): 83-89.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.012
Abstract:
The high-speed stirring process of sub-millimeter fine-grained artificial rutile was studied in this paper. Through testing and comparison, the optimal granulation conditions were determined as follows: NA as an additive, 1.5% NA addition, 20% moisture content, a mixing speed of 300 r/min and 600 r/min for 3 and 5 minutes, respectively, and a cutting knife speed of 600 r/min. The resulting granulated products had particle sizes ranging from 0.097 mm to 0.45 mm, with particles smaller than 0.097 mm comprising less than 15% of the total. The strength of the granulated products was assessed, revealing wear indices of 8.54% after drying and 4.40% after heat treatment at1000 °C, indicating a significant improvement in granule strength after heat treatment. The pelletized product maintained its structural integrity in a fluidized chlorination environment. After 30 min of chlorination, the residual TiO2 content was only 12.64%, demonstrating effective chlorination performance.
The high-speed stirring process of sub-millimeter fine-grained artificial rutile was studied in this paper. Through testing and comparison, the optimal granulation conditions were determined as follows: NA as an additive, 1.5% NA addition, 20% moisture content, a mixing speed of 300 r/min and 600 r/min for 3 and 5 minutes, respectively, and a cutting knife speed of 600 r/min. The resulting granulated products had particle sizes ranging from 0.097 mm to 0.45 mm, with particles smaller than 0.097 mm comprising less than 15% of the total. The strength of the granulated products was assessed, revealing wear indices of 8.54% after drying and 4.40% after heat treatment at
2025, 46(2): 112-117.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2025.02.016
Abstract:
Vanadium titano-magnetite is a special iron ore resource rich in multiple elements such as iron, vanadium, titanium. The blast furnace process for vanadium titano-magnetite is very mature, but it requires the addition of ordinary iron concentrate, resulting low TiO2 content in the slag, making it difficult to recover TiO2 from slag. To achieve comprehensive utilization of vanadium titano-magnetite, the process of direct reduction in gas-based shaft furnace and smelting in electric arc furnace is currently considered as the most effective technology to recover iron, vanadium and titanium. This technology can smelt vanadium titano-magnetite entirely without the need for flux, producing slag with high TiO2 content. During the electric arc furnace melting of vanadium titano-magnetite metalized pellets, reducing agents need be added to deeply reduce vanadium into the molten iron, and vanadium and titanium in the slag will compete for reduction. In this paper, the thermodynamics of reduction reaction of V2O5 and TiO2 with carbon in slag was calculated. The reaction process of TiO2 with C to form TiC, and the inhibition relationship of V2O5 on the TiC formation were analyzed. The results show that TiC is inevitable when the melting temperature is above1500 ℃ and the reducing agent of carbon is sufficient. It is difficult for V2O5 to inhibit the formation of TiC because of the high TiO2 activity and low V2O5 activity in slag. The problem of slag thickening and difficult slag discharge in electric arc furnace is still existed in smelting of vanadium-titanium magnetite metallized pellets.
Vanadium titano-magnetite is a special iron ore resource rich in multiple elements such as iron, vanadium, titanium. The blast furnace process for vanadium titano-magnetite is very mature, but it requires the addition of ordinary iron concentrate, resulting low TiO2 content in the slag, making it difficult to recover TiO2 from slag. To achieve comprehensive utilization of vanadium titano-magnetite, the process of direct reduction in gas-based shaft furnace and smelting in electric arc furnace is currently considered as the most effective technology to recover iron, vanadium and titanium. This technology can smelt vanadium titano-magnetite entirely without the need for flux, producing slag with high TiO2 content. During the electric arc furnace melting of vanadium titano-magnetite metalized pellets, reducing agents need be added to deeply reduce vanadium into the molten iron, and vanadium and titanium in the slag will compete for reduction. In this paper, the thermodynamics of reduction reaction of V2O5 and TiO2 with carbon in slag was calculated. The reaction process of TiO2 with C to form TiC, and the inhibition relationship of V2O5 on the TiC formation were analyzed. The results show that TiC is inevitable when the melting temperature is above
2021, 42(3): 1-9.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.03.001
摘要：
从2020年我国钛工业钛精矿、海绵钛、钛锭、钛材等品种的产能、产量、应用和进出口等数据分析了我国钛工业的整体情况，并对目前行业存在的问题提出了建议。
从2020年我国钛工业钛精矿、海绵钛、钛锭、钛材等品种的产能、产量、应用和进出口等数据分析了我国钛工业的整体情况，并对目前行业存在的问题提出了建议。
2021, 42(2): 1-4.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.02.001
摘要：
总结回顾了中国钛白粉工业2019、2020年的各项行业数据和表现，分析了当前面临的形势及发展趋势，认为高质量发展成为钛白粉行业未来发展的主旋律，钛白粉产能集中度虽有提高，但洗牌效应短期内难以呈现，这也是行业发展的一个难题，另外行业监管、氯化法钛原料问题、环保及清洁生产问题仍不容忽视。
总结回顾了中国钛白粉工业2019、2020年的各项行业数据和表现，分析了当前面临的形势及发展趋势，认为高质量发展成为钛白粉行业未来发展的主旋律，钛白粉产能集中度虽有提高，但洗牌效应短期内难以呈现，这也是行业发展的一个难题，另外行业监管、氯化法钛原料问题、环保及清洁生产问题仍不容忽视。
2021, 42(5): 149-157.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.05.023
摘要：
简述了连铸板坯电磁搅拌技术的发展过程和现存问题，重点阐述了连铸板坯生产过程中结晶器内和二冷区电磁搅拌的工作原理和技术特点，对电磁搅拌器的安装位置进行了归纳，同时总结了板坯结晶器电磁搅拌和二冷区电磁搅拌的研究现状，探究了影响板坯电磁搅拌效果的因素及其主次关系，归纳了用于二冷区电磁搅拌支撑辊的作用及需继续探究的方向，分析了板坯电磁搅拌技术对铸坯内元素分布和等轴晶区间隙率的影响，为以后的板坯电磁搅拌研究者提供参考。
简述了连铸板坯电磁搅拌技术的发展过程和现存问题，重点阐述了连铸板坯生产过程中结晶器内和二冷区电磁搅拌的工作原理和技术特点，对电磁搅拌器的安装位置进行了归纳，同时总结了板坯结晶器电磁搅拌和二冷区电磁搅拌的研究现状，探究了影响板坯电磁搅拌效果的因素及其主次关系，归纳了用于二冷区电磁搅拌支撑辊的作用及需继续探究的方向，分析了板坯电磁搅拌技术对铸坯内元素分布和等轴晶区间隙率的影响，为以后的板坯电磁搅拌研究者提供参考。
2021, 42(6): 17-27.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.06.002
摘要：
主要介绍先进热成形技术、脉冲电流辅助成形技术和电磁辅助成形技术的特点，及其在钛合金薄壁板材成形中应用的研究进展。热成形是钛合金塑性加工应用最为普遍的成形工艺，利用高温下钛合金塑性变形软化的特征，能够实现复杂钛合金零件的成形。脉冲电流和电磁辅助成形技术目前尚未开展大规模的产业应用，其在高强度难成形材料的成形加工方面具有潜在应用前景。
主要介绍先进热成形技术、脉冲电流辅助成形技术和电磁辅助成形技术的特点，及其在钛合金薄壁板材成形中应用的研究进展。热成形是钛合金塑性加工应用最为普遍的成形工艺，利用高温下钛合金塑性变形软化的特征，能够实现复杂钛合金零件的成形。脉冲电流和电磁辅助成形技术目前尚未开展大规模的产业应用，其在高强度难成形材料的成形加工方面具有潜在应用前景。
2021, 42(5): 1-9.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.05.001
摘要：
从2020年全球钒资源概况，五氧化二钒、偏钒酸铵、钒铁和钒氮合金等品种的产能、产量、需求、进出口贸易和市场价格等方面阐述和分析了钒工业的整体情况，并介绍了2020年全球钒电池领域发生的主要大事件。依据目前国内外钒行业运行态势对后市进行了展望，认为全球钒扩能态势短期内不会大改，钒产品供过于求的状态将促使价格呈现盘整回归态势。“双碳”背景下的中国市场依旧是全球钒需求的主场，钒氮合金亦将成为钒产品近中期的发展趋势，钒企间的协同创新将促进钒产业逐步呈现良性“竞合”局面。
2023, 44(3): 1-8.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.03.001
摘要：
从2022年我国钛工业钛精矿、海绵钛、钛锭、钛材等品种的产能、产量、应用和进出口等数据分析了我国钛工业的整体情况，并针对目前行业存在的问题提出了建议。
从2022年我国钛工业钛精矿、海绵钛、钛锭、钛材等品种的产能、产量、应用和进出口等数据分析了我国钛工业的整体情况，并针对目前行业存在的问题提出了建议。
2021, 42(6): 36-42.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.06.004
摘要：
钛合金因具有高比强度、高比模量、耐腐蚀、耐低温、无磁等性能特点而被广泛应用。然而，与传统钢铁材料相比，钛合金存在弹性模量低、耐热性能不足、耐磨性差等局限，阻碍其在航空航天、兵器行业等领域的推广应用。与钛合金相比，钛基复合材料可将基体钛合金高强塑性与增强体高模量、高耐磨的优势相结合，具有比钛合金更高的弹性模量、耐磨性及高温性能，从而满足一些高承载、抗冲击、高耐磨和高温抗氧化等极端工况条件下的使用要求。从钛基复合材料发展历程出发，对钛基复合材料耐磨性研究进展加以概述，主要介绍了钛基复合材料耐磨性表征方法和摩擦磨损行为，对钛基复合材料良好耐磨性能、高耐磨钛基复合材料的设计及TMCs表面耐磨改性技术进行阐述，最后进行总结与展望。
钛合金因具有高比强度、高比模量、耐腐蚀、耐低温、无磁等性能特点而被广泛应用。然而，与传统钢铁材料相比，钛合金存在弹性模量低、耐热性能不足、耐磨性差等局限，阻碍其在航空航天、兵器行业等领域的推广应用。与钛合金相比，钛基复合材料可将基体钛合金高强塑性与增强体高模量、高耐磨的优势相结合，具有比钛合金更高的弹性模量、耐磨性及高温性能，从而满足一些高承载、抗冲击、高耐磨和高温抗氧化等极端工况条件下的使用要求。从钛基复合材料发展历程出发，对钛基复合材料耐磨性研究进展加以概述，主要介绍了钛基复合材料耐磨性表征方法和摩擦磨损行为，对钛基复合材料良好耐磨性能、高耐磨钛基复合材料的设计及TMCs表面耐磨改性技术进行阐述，最后进行总结与展望。
2021, 42(6): 1-16.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.06.001
摘要：
β相凝固TiAl合金作为第三代TiAl基金属间化合物，凭借其突出的热变形优势，在航空航天及汽车制造等高端领域具有广阔的应用空间。然而，高温β相的引入在提高合金热变形能力的同时也使得组织演变和性能优化更为复杂。同时，受合金体系及本征脆性的影响，工业化进程相对迟缓。通过综述典型β相凝固TiAl合金的制备及加工工艺、组织与性能研究进展及工业化现状，系统分析了合金制备及加工工艺和成本优势，阐明了合金体系热变形、热处理及合金化对组织演变和性能优化的作用机制，指出合金工业化发展的限制环节及未来发展趋势。
β相凝固TiAl合金作为第三代TiAl基金属间化合物，凭借其突出的热变形优势，在航空航天及汽车制造等高端领域具有广阔的应用空间。然而，高温β相的引入在提高合金热变形能力的同时也使得组织演变和性能优化更为复杂。同时，受合金体系及本征脆性的影响，工业化进程相对迟缓。通过综述典型β相凝固TiAl合金的制备及加工工艺、组织与性能研究进展及工业化现状，系统分析了合金制备及加工工艺和成本优势，阐明了合金体系热变形、热处理及合金化对组织演变和性能优化的作用机制，指出合金工业化发展的限制环节及未来发展趋势。
2021, 42(3): 148-154.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.03.023
摘要：
采用金相显微镜、XRD射线衍射仪及维氏硬度计等，研究了普通热处理和深冷处理工艺对Cr12MoV钢显微组织及硬度的影响。结果表明：Cr12MoV钢经普通热处理和深冷处理淬火后的组织均为隐针马氏体+残余奥氏体+碳化物，200 ℃低温回火后组织转变为回火马氏体+碳化物+残余奥氏体。深冷处理可大幅减少钢中残余奥氏体，提升钢的硬度；热处理采用1020 ℃加热保温60 min淬火+（−196 ℃）深冷2 h+200 ℃回火保温120 min，硬度（HV30）值最高，可达780。
采用金相显微镜、XRD射线衍射仪及维氏硬度计等，研究了普通热处理和深冷处理工艺对Cr12MoV钢显微组织及硬度的影响。结果表明：Cr12MoV钢经普通热处理和深冷处理淬火后的组织均为隐针马氏体+残余奥氏体+碳化物，200 ℃低温回火后组织转变为回火马氏体+碳化物+残余奥氏体。深冷处理可大幅减少钢中残余奥氏体，提升钢的硬度；热处理采用1020 ℃加热保温60 min淬火+（−196 ℃）深冷2 h+200 ℃回火保温120 min，硬度（HV30）值最高，可达780。
2021, 42(3): 187-192.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2021.03.028
摘要：
在弹簧钢55SiCr成分基础上进行钒微合金化处理，获得了55SiCrV，通过淬火+回火正交试验、显微组织观察、力学性能测试和X射线衍射等手段，研究并分析了淬火+回火工艺对弹簧钢55SiCrV微观组织和力学性能的影响，结果表明：0.20%V的添加可使55SiCrV组织中存在大量弥散均匀分布的10～35 nm含钒析出相，强化效果最佳。淬火+回火处理可以改变55SiCrV的显微组织比例，其中的残余奥氏体可以降低强度和增加塑性，55SiCrV获得最佳力学性能匹配（Rm=1 815 MPa、Z=28%）的热处理工艺为900 ℃淬火+430 ℃回火，对应其残余奥氏体含量为2.3%。
在弹簧钢55SiCr成分基础上进行钒微合金化处理，获得了55SiCrV，通过淬火+回火正交试验、显微组织观察、力学性能测试和X射线衍射等手段，研究并分析了淬火+回火工艺对弹簧钢55SiCrV微观组织和力学性能的影响，结果表明：0.20%V的添加可使55SiCrV组织中存在大量弥散均匀分布的10～35 nm含钒析出相，强化效果最佳。淬火+回火处理可以改变55SiCrV的显微组织比例，其中的残余奥氏体可以降低强度和增加塑性，55SiCrV获得最佳力学性能匹配（Rm=1 815 MPa、Z=28%）的热处理工艺为900 ℃淬火+430 ℃回火，对应其残余奥氏体含量为2.3%。
2023, 44(3): 1-8.
doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2023.03.001
Abstract:
