Effect of welding current on droplet transition in MIG welding of TC4 titanium alloy
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摘要: TC4钛合金是α+β双相钛合金，密度低、比强度高、焊接性良好、耐腐蚀，在兵器、航空、航天、船舶和轨道等领域应用广泛，是产品轻量化的重要材料之一。采用熔化极气体保护焊（MIG），研究焊接电流(80～300 A)对熔滴过渡和焊缝成形的影响。结果表明：随着焊接电流的增加，过渡方式由射滴过渡向射流过渡转变，且在一个脉冲周期内由一滴转变为多滴，最终形成液柱，等离子流力随之增加，电弧形态由钟罩形向锥状过渡，在熔池中心形成犹如指状的熔深，过渡时间减少，过渡频率加快。焊接电流200～240 A时，熔滴过渡均匀，过渡方式为射滴过渡，电弧呈钟罩形且挺度较好，过渡频率较快，焊接过程稳定，焊缝成形良好，熔深、熔宽较大，余高较少，飞溅较少，此为推荐的焊接参数。Abstract: TC4 is a α+β duplex titanium alloy with low density, high specific strength, good weldability and corrosion resistance, which is widely used in weapons, aviation, aerospace, ships and orbits, and is one of the important materials for product lightweight. MIG-MAG welding was used to study the influence of welding current (80 ~ 300 A) on droplet transition and weld forming in this paper. The results show that with the increase of welding current, the transition mode changes from droplet transition to jet transition, and from one drop to multiple droplets in a pulse cycle, and finally forms a liquid column. The plasma flow force increases, the arc shape transits from bell shape to cone, and a finger-like penetration depth is formed in the center of the melt pool. The transition time is reduced, and the transition frequency is accelerated. When the welding current is 200 ~ 240 A, the droplet transition is uniform, the transition mode is the droplet transition. The arc is bell-shaped and the stiffness is good, the transition frequency is fast, the welding process is stable, the weld is well formed. The penetration depth and width are larger, the residual height is less, and the spatter is less, which is the recommended welding parameters.
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Key words:
- TC4 titanium alloy /
- MIG welding /
- welding current /
- droplet transition /
- weld forming
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图 3 不同焊接电流时的熔深、熔宽和余高
（a）80 A；（b）100 A；（c）120 A；（d）140 A；（e）160 A；（h）180 A；（g）200 A；（h）220 A；（i）240 A；（j）260 A；（k）280 A；（l）300 A
Figure 3. Penetration depth, penetration width, and residual height at different welding currents
图 4 熔深、熔宽和余高随焊接电流的变化
Figure 4. Variation of penetration depth, penetration width and residual height with welding current
图 5 焊接电流对焊缝成形的影响
（a）80 A；（b）100 A；（c）120 A；（d）140 A；（e）160 A；（f）180 A；（g）200 A；（h）220 A；（i）240 A；（j）260 A；（k）280 A；（l）300 A
Figure 5. Effect of welding current on surface forming
图 6 焊接电流对熔滴过渡方式的影响
(a)80 A；(b)160 A；(C)220 A；(d)300 A
Figure 6. Effect of welding current on droplet transition
图 7 焊接电流对熔滴过渡频率的影响
Figure 7. Effect of welding current on droplet transition frequency
表 1 TC4钛合金化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of TC4 titanium alloy
% Ti Al V Fe C N H O 母材 余量 6.28 4.04 0.136 0.017 0.01 0.001 0.13 焊丝 余量 5.58 4.13 0.22 0.05 0.03 0.015 0.4 
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表 2 焊接电流参数
Table 2. Welding process parameters
焊接电流/A 焊接速度/(m·min−1) 弧长修正/% 焊丝伸出长度/mm 80 0.3 30 15 100 0.3 30 15 120 0.3 30 15 140 0.3 30 15 160 0.3 30 15 180 0.3 30 15 200 0.3 30 15 220 0.3 30 15 240 0.3 30 15 260 0.3 30 15 280 0.3 30 15 300 0.3 30 15
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