Research on the control of inclusions in the vacuum induction melting process of GH4169
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摘要: 高温合金中夹杂物是影响合金冶金质量和使用性能的主要因素，文中从冶炼工艺和原材料精选两方面研究了GH4169真空感应冶炼过程夹杂物的控制方法。首先，用12吨级真空感应炉冶炼三炉次GH4169，配料装料保持高度一致，主要差异是精炼温度逐步增加，结果表明，随温度增加1 530 、1 560 、1 590 ℃，合金液与MgO坩埚的侵蚀还原反应愈加剧烈，非金属夹杂物Al2O3、MgAl2O4被引入合金液，感应锭A端非金属夹杂物数量密度递增，分别为：83.716、171.180个/mm2和204.927个/mm2，所以应选择低温精炼，夹杂物含量降低50%以上，精炼温度大约1 525 ～1 535 ℃，精炼真空度≤1.0 Pa，时长90～150 min。其次，选择低温精炼以降低精炼工艺对夹杂物的影响，对比原材料纯净度对夹杂物的影响，结果表明，选用纯度更高的Cr、Nb和Ti原料进行冶炼，感应锭中夹杂物含量会降低30%以上。Abstract: Inclusions in superalloys are the main factors affecting the metallurgical quality and performance of the alloys. The control methods of inclusions in the vacuum induction melting process of GH4169 had been investigated from two aspects: melting process and raw material. Firstly, three batches of GH4169 were melted in a 12-ton vacuum induction furnace with highly consistent charging but different refining temperature at 1530, 1560℃, and 1590℃. The results showed that as the refining temperature increased, the erosion-reduction reaction between the alloy melt and the MgO crucible became more intense, introducing non-metallic inclusions such as Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 into the alloy melt. The number density of non-metallic inclusions at the A-end of the induction ingot increased progressively, which were 83.716, 171.180/mm2, and 204.927/mm2, respectively. Therefore, low-temperature refining should be chosen to reduce inclusion content by more than 50%, with refining temperature at around 1525~1535℃, refining vacuum degree ≤ 1.0 Pa, and duration of 1.5~2.5 h. Secondly, low-temperature refining was selected to reduce the impact of refining process on inclusions, and the impact of raw material purity on inclusions was compared. The results showed that using higher purity raw materials such as Cr, Nb and Ti for melting can reduce inclusion content in the induction ingot by more than 30%.
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Key words:
- superalloys /
- vacuum induction melting /
- ASPEX /
- inclusion /
- purity
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图 1 高温合金感应锭中典型非金属夹杂物形貌
Figure 1. Typical morphology of non-metallic inclusions in superalloy induction ingots
图 2 MgAl2O4-Ti(C,N)夹杂物形貌及面扫图
Figure 2. Morphology and surface scan of MgAl2O4-Ti(C,N) inclusions
图 3 感应锭中非金属夹杂物类型及占比
Figure 3. Type and proportion of non-metallic inclusions in the induction ingot
图 4 各炉次单位面积典型非金属夹杂物个数
Figure 4. Number of typical non-metallic inclusions per unit area for each heat
图 5 各类型夹杂物单位面积内个数
(A：Al2O3; B:MgAl2O4; C:MgO; D:MgAl2O4-Ti(C,N); E:MgO-Ti(C,N); F:Ti(C,N);)
Figure 5. Number of inclusions per unit area of various type
图 6 MgO坩埚-熔体界面反应机理示意
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of the reaction mechanism at the MgO crucible-melt interface
图 7 感应锭中非金属夹杂物类型及占比
Figure 7. Type and proportion of non-metallic inclusions in the induction ingot
表 1 GH4169高温合金的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of GH4169 superalloy
% Ni Cr Mo Nb Al Ti Mg C Fe 50.0～55.0 16.0～20.0 2.5～3.2 5.0～5.5 0.5～1.0 0.8～1.5 ≤0.10 ≤0.10 余量 
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表 2 GH4169合金实际精炼工艺控制
Table 2. Smelting Process parameters of GH4169 Alloy
炉号 精炼 时间/min 温度/℃ 真空度/Pa 1# 140 1 530 ≤1.0 2# 145 1 560 ≤1.0 3# 90 1 590 ≤1.0
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