Study on efficient pulverized coal injection operation technology in vanadium-titanium blast furnaces
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摘要: 从提高钒钛高炉喷煤量及其稳定均匀性，进而降低喷吹能耗的目的出发，构建了规模和能力相当于
1000 m3高炉喷煤系统的中试试验装置。在此基础上开展了不同喷煤工艺及控制参数（二次补气比例、加气量与置换气量比值、底部流化速度、出料方式）对提高喷煤量、固气比和稳定性影响的研究。试验结果表明，在管道喷吹气体总流量不变的情况下，随着二次补气比例降低，喷煤量和固气比大幅增加，稳定性有所降低，当二次补气比例控制到45%水平左右时，喷煤量和固气比达到最大值，节能空间最大。随着加压和置换气量的比值逐渐提高，喷煤量先增加后降低，当加压和置换气量比值控制在1.5～2时，喷煤量达到最大值。同样，底部流化速度应控制在0.02～0.025 m/s时，喷煤量、固气比及稳定性最优。对比上、下出料两种方式，上出料方式由于气体流动方向与出料方向一致，其稳定性更好。Abstract: In order to achieve the goal of enhancing the pulverized coal injection (PCI) rate, along with its stability and uniformity in vanadium-titanium blast furnaces, ultimately reducing energy consumption, a pilot-scale experimental device was developed, equivalent in scale and capacity to a1000 m3 blast furnace PCI system. Using this setup, the effects of various PCI processes and control parameters - including the secondary air injection ratio, the ratio of pressurized to replacement air, fluidization velocity, and discharge modes-on improving the injection rate, solid-gas ratio, and overall stability had been investigated. The experimental results revealed that, with a constant total gas flow in the injection pipeline, a decrease in the secondary air injection ratio led to a significant increase in both the injection rate and solid-gas ratio, as well as reduction in stability. When the secondary air injection ratio was maintained around 45%, the PCI rate and solid-gas ratio peaked, achieving the highest energy-saving potential. Furthermore, as the ratio of pressurized to replacement air increased, the PCI rate initially rose and then declined, reaching its maximum when the ratio was controlled between at 1.5~2. Similarly, the optimal bottom fluidization velocity was identified as 0.02~0.025 m/s, maximizing the injection rate, solid-gas ratio, and stability. Comparative analysis of two discharge modes (top discharge and bottom discharge) indicated that the top discharge mode offered superior stability due to the agreement of the gas flow direction with the discharge direction. -
图 2 喷吹料罐锥部示意
（a）上部出料方式；（b）下部出料方式
Figure 2. Schematic diagrams of the cone part of material tanks
图 3 不同二次补气比例（Q6/Q7）对（a）喷煤量、标准差（稳定性）、（b）固气比以及（c）喉口流速的影响，（d）喉口流速对喷煤量的影响
Figure 3. Effects of different secondary gas injection ratios (Q6/Q7) on (a) Coal injection rate and stability, (b) Solid-gas ratio, and (c) Throat flow rate. (d) Effects of throat flow rate on coal injection rate
图 4 不同加压与置换气量比值对喷煤量的影响
二次补气比例为：（a）40%水平；（b）50%水平；（c）60%水平；（d）70%水平
Figure 4. Effects of different ratios of pressurization and displacement gas on coal injection rate
图 5 二次补气比例占40%时，底部流化速度与（a）喷煤量、标准差（稳定性）及（b）固气比的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between bottom fluidization velocity and (a) Coal injection rate, stability, and (b) Solid-gas ratio, while secondary gas injection ratios (Q6/Q7) 40%
图 6 二次补气比例占50%时，底部流化速度与（a）喷煤量、标准差（稳定性）及（b）固气比的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between bottom fluidization velocity and (a) Coal injection rate, stability, and (b) Solid-gas ratio, while secondary gas injection ratios (Q6/Q7) 50%
图 7 不同出料方式对（a）喷煤量、（b）固气比及（c）标准差（稳定性）的影响
Figure 7. Effects of different discharge modes on (a) coal injection rate, (b) solid gas ratio, and (c) stability
表 1 中试试验装置参数
Table 1. Parameters of pilot experimental setup
罐压P0/MPa 背压Pe/kPa 流速V/(m·s−1) 固气比μ/（kg·kg−1） 总气量Q7/（Nm3·h−1） 流化板直径D/mm 喉口直径d/mm 管道规格/mm 管道长/m 0.3～0.4 80～90 6～8 30～50 220～240 600 111 Ø76 × 4 200 
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表 2 煤粉的物性参数
Table 2. Physical parameters of pulverized coal
Vad/% 灰分/% 着火点/ ℃ 粒度<74 μm
占比/%水分/% 松装密度
/（kg·m−3）振实密度
/（kg·m−3）真密度
/（kg·m−3）崩溃角/（°） 7.76 29.4 395 73.6 1.2 684 818 1310 29
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表 3 上部出料方式下的试验方案设计
Table 3. Experimental scheme design under top discharge mode
项目 Q6/Q7 Q7
/（Nm3·h−1）Q6
/（Nm3·h−1）Q5
/（Nm3·h−1）Q4
/（Nm3·h−1）Q3
/（Nm3·h−1）Q1
/（Nm3·h−1）喷煤量
G/（t·h−1）固气比
μ /（kg·kg−1）喉口流速
Vh/（m· s−1）表观流化速度
V0/（m·s−1）方案1 70% 计算值 165 计算值 计算值 90～13 13～90 检测值 计算值 计算值 计算值 方案2 60% 计算值 129 计算值 计算值 126～15 16～125 检测值 计算值 计算值 计算值 方案3 50% 计算值 115 计算值 计算值 138～27 17～127 检测值 计算值 计算值 计算值 方案4 40% 计算值 91 计算值 计算值 144～31 34～146 检测值 计算值 计算值 计算值
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表 4 不同出料方式对比试验方案设计
Table 4. Comparison of experimental scheme for different discharge modes
项目 罐压P0/MPa Q7/（Nm3·h−1） Q6/（Nm3·h−1） Q5/（Nm3·h−1） Q3/（Nm3·h−1） Q1/（Nm3·h−1） Q4/（Nm3·h−1） 喷煤量G/（t·h−1） 上出料 0.33 223 110 112 79 81 计算值 检测值 下出料 0.33 226 110 116 81 80 计算值 检测值
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