Preparation of low-cost Ti-4.5Al-xMo-2Fe alloy based on thermite reduction and the effect of Mo content on its properties
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摘要: 钛合金因其高比强度、优异的耐腐蚀性及良好的高温稳定性，广泛应用于航空航天与海洋工程领域。其传统生产过程能耗高、成本大，制约了应用的进一步推广。研究以高钛渣和钛白粉为原料，采用铝热还原法制备钛铝基中间合金，经精炼调质获得Ti-4.5Al-xMo-2Fe近α型钛合金，系统研究了Mo含量(0、1.5%、3%、4.5%)对合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明，该工艺可制备出组织均匀的Ti-4.5Al-xMo-2Fe合金；随着Mo含量增加，合金中片层α相显著细化并伴随β相生成，硬度与密度相应提高。经热压缩变形后，Mo含量为3%的合金在850 ℃、应变速率0.01 s−1、形变量50%时表现出优良的热加工性能。
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关键词:
- 铝热还原 /
- 低成本 /
- 钛合金 /
- Ti-4.5Al-xMo-2Fe
Abstract: Titanium alloys are widely used in aerospace and marine engineering owing to their high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and good high-temperature stability. However, the conventional production routes are energy-intensive and costly, which limits their broader application. In this study, high-titanium slag and titanium dioxide were employed as raw materials, and a Ti–Al-based intermediate alloy was first produced via aluminothermic reduction. After refining and composition adjustment, a Ti-4.5Al-xMo-2Fe near-α titanium alloy was obtained. The effects of Mo content (0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%) on the microstructure and properties were systematically investigated. The results show that this short-process method can successfully produce Ti-4.5Al-xMo-2Fe alloys with uniform microstructures. With increasing Mo content, the lamellar α phase becomes significantly refined and β phase precipitation is promoted, leading to increased hardness and density. After hot compression deformation, the alloy containing 3% Mo exhibits the best hot workability at 850 °C, a strain rate of 0.01 s−1, and 50% deformation.-
Key words:
- aluminothermic reduction /
- low-cost /
- titanium alloy /
- Ti-4.5Al-xMo-2Fe
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图 2 Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe合金显微组织
Figure 2. Microstructures of Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe
(a) x=0；(b) x=1.5；(c) x=3；(d) x=4.5
图 3 Ti-4.5Al-0Mo-2Fe合金微观形貌及微区成分
(a) 微观形貌；(b)~(b6) 微区成分；(c) Point A；(d) Point B
Figure 3. Microstructures and micro-area compositions of Ti-4.5Al-0Mo-2Fe
图 4 Ti-4.5Al-1.5Mo-2Fe合金微观形貌及微区成分
(a) 微观形貌；(b)~(b7) 微区成分；(c) Point A；(d) Point B
Figure 4. Microstructures and micro-area compositions of Ti-4.5Al-1.5Mo-2Fe
图 5 Ti-4.5Al-3Mo-2Fe合金微观形貌及微区成分
(a) 微观形貌；(b)~(b7) 微区成分；(c) Point A；(d) Point B
Figure 5. Microstructures and micro-area compositions of Ti-4.5Al-3Mo-2Fe
图 6 Ti-4.5Al-4.5Mo-2Fe合金微观形貌及微区成分
(a) 微观形貌；(b)~(b7) 微区成分；(c) Point A；(d) Point B
Figure 6. Microstructures and micro-area compositions of Ti-4.5Al-4.5Mo-2Fe
图 7 Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe合金硬度及密度
(a) 洛氏硬度；(b) 密度
Figure 7. Rockwell hardness and density of Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe
图 8 Ti-4.5 Al-$x $Mo-2Fe合金热压缩应力应变曲线
Figure 8. Hot compressive stress-strain curves of Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe
(a) x=0；(b) x=1.5；(c) x=3；(d) x=4.5
图 9 Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe合金热压缩后宏观形貌
Figure 9. Macroscopic morphologies of Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe alloy after hot compression
(a) x=0；(b) x=1.5；(c) x=3；(d) x=4.5
图 10 Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe合金显微组织
Figure 10. Microstructures of Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe alloy after hot compression
(a) x=0；(b) x=1.5；(c) x=3；(d) x=4.5
表 1 Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe合金化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of Ti-4.5Al-$x $Mo-2Fe
% Titanium alloys Ti Al Fe Mo Others Ti-4.5Al-0Mo-2Fe 92.88 4.59 2.04 0.00 0.49 Ti-4.5Al-1.5Mo-2Fe 91.52 4.50 2.00 1.50 0.48 Ti-4.5Al-3Mo-2Fe 90.04 4.50 2.00 2.99 0.47 Ti-4.5Al-4.5Mo-2Fe 88.54 4.50 2.00 4.50 0.46 
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