Research on the effect of refined steel slag waste on the electrical properties of conductive asphalt mixtures
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摘要: 为解决导电沥青混合料在温度变化、荷载及微裂缝损伤下电阻稳定性不足从而影响融雪化冰效率的问题，引入具有导电性的细化废料钢渣，设置不同细粒径钢渣替换量的碳纤维导电沥青混合料，研究了温敏效应和压敏效应以及微裂缝影响下的电学性能变化，并对其微观状态下导电机理进行分析。结果表明：①细粒径钢渣对在负温度环境由于PTC效应电阻率快速增涨有抑制作用，其抑制最大水平可达到54%；②在10次标准轴载循环压力作用下，随着细粒径钢渣替换率增加，其电阻尖峰波动次数逐渐降低为0，当钢渣集料替换率达到75%时，与碳纤维掺量为0.3%协同作用可形成稳定的复合导电网络，钢渣的均匀分布对于导电沥青混合料电阻异常增大的尖峰波动有显著稳定改善作用；③1 mm细裂缝、2 mm粗裂缝、损伤裂缝三种预制微裂缝情况下，细粒径钢渣替换量与电阻增长率和愈合电阻恢复率分别呈负相关和正相关，当细粒径钢渣替换率为100%时，在损伤裂缝下，对应裂缝愈合前电阻增长率为42.6%，裂缝愈合后电阻恢复率为96.2%，相较于对照组电阻增长率有效减少了0.19，电阻恢复率增加了0.177，与另外两种裂缝情况相比，损伤裂缝下具有最高的电阻增长幅度和最优的电阻恢复能力。Abstract: To address the issue of insufficient resistivity stability in conductive asphalt mixtures under temperature variations, loading, and microcrack damage, which affects snow/ice melting efficiency, conductive refined waste steel slag was introduced. Carbon fiber-reinforced conductive asphalt mixtures with varying replacement ratios of fine steel slag were prepared to investigate the changes in electrical properties under thermosensitive and pressure sensitive effect as well as microcrack damage. The conductive mechanism was analyzed at the microscopic level. The results indicate: ①Fine steel slag effectively suppresses the rapid resistivity increase caused by the Positive Temperature Coefficient（PTC）effect in subzero environments, with a maximum suppression level of 54%. ②Under 10 cycles of standard axle loading, the number of resistivity spike fluctuations gradually decreases to zero as the replacement ratio of fine steel slag increases. When the replacement ratio of steel slag aggregate reaches 75%, a stable composite conductive network forms in synergy with 0.3% carbon fiber. The uniform distribution of steel slag significantly stabilizes and mitigates abnormal resistivity spikes in conductive asphalt mixtures. ③Under three types of prefabricated microcracks （1 mm microcracks, 2 mm macrocracks, and damage-induced cracks）, the replacement ratio of fine steel slag exhibits a negative correlation with resistivity growth rate and a positive correlation with healing-induced resistivity recovery rate. At the 100% steel slag replacement ratio under damage-induced cracking, the resistivity growth rate before crack healing was 42.6%, while the post-healing recovery rate reached 96.2%. Compared to the control group, it represents an effective reduction of 0.19 in resistivity growth rate and an improvement of 0.177 in recovery rate. Damage-induced cracks demonstrated the highest resistivity growth amplitude and the most optimal recovery capability compared with the other two crack conditions.
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Key words:
- steel slag /
- carbon fiber /
- thermal sensitivity effect /
- pressure-sensitive effect /
- microcracks /
- resistance stability
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图 1 试验材料和仪器
(a)小于4.75 mm的钢渣表观状态; (b)温阻试验; (c)压阻试验; (d)三点弯曲试验下预制损伤裂缝
Figure 1. Testing materials and instruments
图 2 沥青混合料集料成色
(a) CF0.3%; (b) CF0.3%-SS0.25; (c) CF0.3%-SS0.5; (d) CF0.3%-SS0.75; (e) CF0.3%-SS1; (f) 马歇尔试件被铜箔纸包裹状态
Figure 2. CFSS aggregate color images
图 3 电阻变化率与温度变化的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between resistivity change rate and temperature variation
(a) Control CF0.3%; (b) CF0.3%-SS0.25; (c) CF0.3%-SS0.5; (d) CF0.3%-SS0.75; (e) CF0.3%-SS1
图 5 试件从开始至压坏期间压强与电阻率的对应关系
(a) 压强与时间的关系; (b) 电阻率与时间关系
Figure 5. The correspondence between pressure and resistivity of specimens from initial loading to compressive failure
图 6 不同钢渣替换量的各组压阻系数变化
Figure 6. Variation in piezoresistive coefficients in each group with different steel slag replacement ratios
图 9 不同裂缝状态下电学性能变化
(a) 裂缝类型与电阻增长率的关系; (b) 裂缝愈合率与电阻恢复率的关系
Figure 9. Electrical performance variations under different crack conditions
图 10 不同放大倍数下对照组CF0.3%和CF0.3%-SS1的微观形貌
对照组: (a) 20 μm; (b) 50 μm; (c) 100 μm; CF0.3%-SS1组: (d) 20 μm; (e) 50 μm; (f) 100 μm
Figure 10. The microstructures of control CF0.3 wt% and CF0.3 wt%-SS1 at different magnification levels
表 1 钢渣主要化学成分表
Table 1. List of main chemical components of steel slag
% CaO Fe2O3 SiO2 MgO Al2O3 MnO P2O5 TiO2 V2O5 38.02 25.44 12.64 9.72 4.06 3.91 2.75 1.56 0.77 
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