Comparative analysis of forming performance of 800 MPa grade galvanized dual-phase steels with different components
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摘要: 采用金相组织、单轴拉伸、成形极限、扩孔、局部/全局成形性评价图等方法，对比分析了两种成分体系800 MPa级镀锌双相钢成形性能差异。研究发现，两种成分体系双相钢均为铁素体+马氏体组织，且马氏体含量相当（约50%）。高碳系列双相钢有较低的屈强比（0.563）、较高的均匀延伸率（15.65%）和较高的FLD0（平面应变点，0.236），但扩孔率较低（19.62%），适用于复杂结构和高拉延深度的零件，如B柱、纵梁连接板等。相比而言，低碳系列双相钢通过添加Cr、Mo等合金元素，实现了马氏体岛的均匀细小弥散分布，具有稍高的屈强比（0.58）、较低的均匀延伸率（11.72%）和较低的FLD0值（0.184），但扩孔率很高（25.68%），更适用于对翻边、扩孔等局部成形性能要求高的零件，如门槛、下边梁、座椅侧板等。研究结果为800 MPa级镀锌双相钢的选材应用提供了理论依据和实践指导。Abstract: This study comparatively investigated the forming performance of two 800 MPa grade galvanized dual-phase steel systems, using metallographic analysis, uniaxial tensile testing, forming limit diagrams (FLDs), hole expansion tests, and local/global formability assessment diagrams. The study found that both dual-phase steels exhibited a ferrite-martensite dual-phase microstructure with a similar martensite fraction of ～50%. The high-carbon series dual-phase steel demonstrated a lower yield ratio (0.563), higher uniform elongation (15.65%), and a higher FLD0 (0.236), but a lower hole expansion ratio (19.62%), making it suitable for complex structural components and parts demanding high drawability, such as B-pillars and longitudinal beam connecting plates. In contrast, the low-carbon series dual-phase steel, achieved through the addition of alloying elements such as Cr and Mo, resulting in a uniform, fine, and dispersed distribution of martensite islands, with a slightly higher yield ratio (0.58), lower uniform elongation (11.72%), and a lower FLD0 (0.184), but a significantly higher hole expansion ratio (25.68%), making it more suitable for components requiring high local formability, such as flanging and hole expansion applications, including door sills, side rails, and seat side panels. This research provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the material selection and application of 800 MPa grade galvanized dual-phase steel.
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Key words:
- chemical component /
- dual-phase steels /
- global formability /
- local formability
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图 1 局部/全局成形性分类和评级系统
(a)基于局部/全局应变比构建成形性分类系统； (b)基于成形性指数构建成形性评级系统
Figure 1. Local/Global formability assessment diagrams
图 2 双相钢的显微组织
(a)高碳系列×500；(b)低碳系列×500；(c)高碳系列×5000；(d)低碳系列×5000
Figure 2. Microstructures of dual-phase steels
图 3 双相钢的真实应力应变曲线及瞬时n值
Figure 3. True stress-strain curves along with instantaneous n-values of dual-phase steels
图 6 扩孔后的试样对比
(a)高碳系列； (b)低碳系列
Figure 6. Comparison of the appearance after hole expanding
图 9 两种成分体双相钢在成形性评价图中的分布
Figure 9. Distribution of dual-phase steels with two-component structures in formability evaluation diagrams
图 10 高碳系列冲压纵梁连接板
Figure 10. Longitudinal beam connecting plate of the high-carbon series
表 1 两种成分体系双相钢化学成分
Table 1. Chemical compositions of dual-phase steels
% Component system C Si Mn Nb Ti Cr Mo high-carbon 0.13 ＜1.0 1.8～2.2 0.01～0.05 0.01～0.05 low-carbon 0.08 ＜0.10 1.8～2.2 0.01～0.05 0.01～0.05 0.2～0.5 0.1～0.4 
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表 2 双相钢的力学性能
Table 2. Mechanical properties of dual-phase steels
Component
systemRp0.2/MPa Rm/MPa Ag/% A80/% Yield ratio high-carbon 460 817 15.65 21.66 0.563 low-carbon 481 830 11.72 17.43 0.580 Standard 420~550 ≥780 ≥14
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表 3 双相钢扩孔率统计
Table 3. Hole expansion ratios of dual-phase steels
Component
systemHole expansion ratio/% Average/% Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 high-carbon 19.5 19.3 20 21 18.3 19.62 low-carbon 25.8 26.8 25.8 27 23 25.68
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