双金属复合管材埋弧焊工艺及焊缝组织性能研究

杨军; 毕宗岳; 朱磊; 万仁远; 王雪怡

doi:10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.01.022

双金属复合管材埋弧焊工艺及焊缝组织性能研究

doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2026.01.022

杨军^{1, 2,},
毕宗岳³,
朱磊⁴,
万仁远^{1, 2},
王雪怡^{1, 2}

1.
陕西铁路工程职业技术学院, 陕西渭南 714000
2.
渭南市特种装备材料工程技术研究中心, 陕西渭南 714000
3.
中国石油集团宝石管业有限公司, 陕西宝鸡721008
4.
西安天力金属复合材料股份有限公司, 陕西西安 710200

基金项目: 工业和信息化部专项：深海油气资源输送用先进双金属复合管开发及产业化项目（2240STCZB2346）；渭南市重点研发计划（2023ZDYFJH-391）；陕西铁路工程职业技术学院英才项目（2023KYYC-07）；陕西省 "两链" 融合重点项目-定向委托课题（2021LLRH-05-10；2021LLRH-05-11）。

详细信息

作者简介:
杨军，1982年出生，男，副教授，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事双金属复合管材技术研究，E-mail：yangjun01.cool@163.com

中图分类号: TG442
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-27
- 录用日期: 2025-09-11
- 修回日期: 2025-09-09
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-25
- 刊出日期: 2026-02-25

Study on submerged arc welding process and weld microstructure and properties of bimetallic composite pipes

YANG Jun^{1, 2
,},
BI Zongyue³,
ZHU Lei⁴,
WAN Renyuan^{1, 2},
WANG Xueyi^{1, 2}

1.
Shaanxi Railway Institute, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China
2.
Weinan Special Equipment Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, Weinan 714000, Shaanxi, China
3.
CNPC Baoji Petroleum Pipe Industry Co., Ltd., Baoji 721008, Shaanxi, China
4.
Xi’an Tianli Clad Metal Materials Co. , Ltd. , Xi’an 710200, Shaanxi, China

摘要

摘要: 利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）观察了原料热轧卷复合界面和复合管材焊缝的微观组织，采用能谱仪（EDS）线扫描试验测定了原料界面处元素含量变化的线分布曲线，采用能谱仪（EDS）面扫描试验测定了复合管材焊缝熔合区不同微区域内的分布情况，同时对复合管材焊缝进行了拉伸试验、Charpy冲击试验、弯曲试验、显微硬度试验和腐蚀试验。结果表明，采用埋弧焊工艺技术方案能够成功实现304/Q235B Ø610 mm×(6+1) mm复合管材的工程化批量生产。复合管材复层焊缝组织为针片状奥氏体+条带状或蠕虫状铁素体的复相组织，基层焊缝为少量先共析铁素体+针状铁素体的复相组织，焊缝强度、低温韧性、显微硬度、塑性变形等各项力学性能和抗晶间腐蚀性能完全满足GB/T 31940-2015《流体输送用双金属复合耐腐蚀钢管》标准要求。研究成果将为高质量双金属复合管材的产业化生产提供一定理论参考和技术支持。
- 双金属复合管材 /
- 复合界面 /
- 埋弧焊 /
- 抗晶间腐蚀
Abstract: The microstructures of the composite interface of the hot-rolled coil and the weld joint of the composite pipe were observed using an optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The line distribution curve of the element content change at the interface was determined by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) line scanning test, and the distribution of elements in different micro-regions of the fusion zone of the composite pipe weld joint was measured by EDS mapping analysis. Meanwhile, tensile test, Charpy impact test, bending test, microhardness test and corrosion test were carried out on the weld joint of the composite pipe. The results indicate that the submerged arc welding (SAW) process can be successfully used for the commercial production of 304/Q235B Ø610 mm×(6+1) mm composite pipes. The microstructure of the cladding weld of the composite pipe is a duplex structure consisting of acicular austenite + banded or worm-like ferrite, while the base weld exhibits a duplex structure of reduced proeutectoid ferrite + acicular ferrite. All mechanical properties including weld strength, low-temperature toughness, microhardness, and plastic deformation, as well as intergranular corrosion resistance, fully meet the requirements specified in the national standard GB/T 31940-2015 bimetallic composite corrosion-resistant steel pipes for fluid transport. Therefore, this research results can be used as a theoretical reference and technical support for the commercial production of high-quality bimetallic composite pipes.
- bimetallic composite pipe /
- composite interface /
- submerged arc welding /
- intergranular corrosion resistance

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图 1 焊接坡口形状参数（单位：mm）

Figure 1. Dimensions of welding groove

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图 2 焊接接头焊缝中心、热影响区冲击试样切取及缺口开启位置示意

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the cutting position and notch opening position of impact specimens in the weld center and heat-affected zone of welded joints

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图 3 热轧复合卷复合界面处微观组织形貌特征

（a）原料卷复合界面区组织形貌；（b）图(a)中视域1的局部OM形貌；（c）图(a)中视域2的局部OM形貌；（d）图(a)中视域2的局部SEM形貌；（e）图(a)中视域3的局部OM形貌；（f）图(a)中视域3的局部SEM形貌

Figure 3. Microstructure morphology characteristics at the composite interface of hot-rolled composite coils

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图 4 热轧复合卷界面处结合特征及元素分布情况

（a）热轧卷头部位置复合界面处结合特征；（b）热轧卷尾部位置复合界面处结合特征；（c）热轧卷复合界面处元素线扫描；（d）热轧卷复合界面处主要合金元素分布

Figure 4. Bonding characteristics and elements distribution at the composite interface of hot-rolled composite coils

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图 5 复合管焊缝宏观结构和各区微观组织形貌

（a）复合管埋弧焊接头宏观形貌；（b）碳钢层焊缝中心区OM形貌；（c）图(b)中方框区域SEM形貌；（d）不锈钢层焊缝中心区OM形貌；（e）图(d)中方框区域SEM形貌；（f）焊缝熔覆金属过渡界面处SEM形貌；（g）焊缝三相区微观组织形貌；（h）焊缝金属熔合区的宏观形貌；（i）微区元素面扫描检测　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Figure 5. Macrostructure of the composite pipe weld and microstructure of each zone

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图 6 复合管复层焊缝中心及HAZ抗晶间腐蚀试样弯曲结果

（a）焊缝中心; （b）HAZ

Figure 6. Bending results of intergranular corrosion resistant specimens at the center of the cladding weld and in the HAZ of the composite pipe

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表 1 304/Q235B双金属复合管材埋弧焊工艺方案及参数

Table 1. Submerged arc welding process scheme and parameters for 304/Q235B bimetallic composite pipes

Welding methods	Welding current/A	Arc voltage/V	Welding speed/(m·min⁻¹)	Welding heat input/(kJ·mm⁻¹)
Internal welding	390	30.5	1.7	0.378
External welding	850	32.5	1.7	0.829

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表 2 304/Q235B复合钢卷料和焊丝的化学成分

Table 2. Chemical compositions of 304/Q235B composite steel coil and welding wire %

Experimental materials	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Ni	Cr	Mo	Cu
Q235B	0.140	0.220	0.610	0.012	0.003	0.010	0.030	0.010	0.020
304	0.054	0.506	1.085	0.035	0.006	10.150	18.680
CHW-309L	0.025	0.530	1.580	0.016	0.006	13.620	23.890	0.016	0.007
BG-H08E	0.120	0.120	1.870	0.006	0.004	0.320		0.005	0.031

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表 3 304/Q235B复合钢卷料的力学性能

Table 3. Mechanical properties of 304/Q235B composite steel coil materials

	Tensile strength R_m/MPa	Yield strength R_e/MPa	Elongation A/%	Impact energy (20 ℃) A_KV/J	Shear strength τ/MPa
Measured value	437，426，423	265，243，246	26.2，26.5，26	122，120，119	388，385
Standard requirements	370～500	≥235	≥26	≥27	≥210

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表 4 焊缝金属熔合区微区元素面扫描检测结果

Table 4. Micro-area elements mapping detection results of the weld metal fusion zone %

NO.	Cr	Mn	Fe	Ni
1	13.73	1.63	77.87	6.77
2	1.94		96.95	1.11
3	4.19	0.96	92.30	2.55
4	2.50		96.11	1.39

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表 5 304/Q235B复合管焊缝拉伸、冲击、弯曲和显微硬度试验结果

Table 5. Experimental results of tensile, impact, bending and micro-hardness tests for 304/Q235B composite pipe welds

Item	Weld joint tensile strength/MPa	Impact energy/J		Microhardness（HV10）		Bending (Bending axis d=35 mm)
Item	Weld joint tensile strength/MPa	Weld center	HAZ	Cladding layer	Base layer	Bending (Bending axis d=35 mm)
Measured value	497，480，479	106，108，120	62，55，47	244，250，300，296， 300，292，255，242	149，165，196，216， 232，224，162，149	No cracks on the tensile specimen surface
Standard requirement	≥370	≥ 24		≤300	≤248	No cracks on the tensile specimen surface

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表 6 304/Q235B复合管不锈钢焊缝晶间腐蚀试验结果

Table 6. Intergranular corrosion test results of 304/Q235B composite pipe stainless steel welds

Sample No.	Bending axis diameter/mm	Bending angle/（°）	Result
H-1	1	180	Qualified
H-2	1	180	Qualified
HAZ-1	1	180	Qualified
HAZ-2	1	180	Qualified

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