2014 Vol. 35, No. 4

Separating and Extracting of Vanadium and Titanium
Research of Vanadium Slag Roasting Technology by Oxygen-enriched Calcium Method
Fu Zibi, Peng Yi, He Wenyi, Gao Guanjin, Shen Biao, Lu Xiaolin
2014, 35(4): 1-5. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.001
Abstract(34) PDF(1)
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According to the problems of sintering and ringing in rotary kiln caused by the high temperature during roasting the vanadium slag with calcium,the roasting dynamic conditions were enhanced and the roasting temperature was reduced by increasing the oxygen content in the intake air.Both of the laboratory and industrial experiments were conducted,and the results show that roasting temperature,920~940℃ before the experiments,decreases to 870~885℃ after adopting the oxygen-enriched roasting by controlling the oxygen content in the outlet air in the range of 12%~14%.During the industrial tests,most of the clinker exists in the form of powder and the leaching rate of vanadium is 89.58%,coupled with normal operation of the rotary kiln.The operation problems of the roasting equipment are resolved.Meanwhile,roasting vanadium slag without tailings is realized by employing the oxygen-enriched calcium method.
Vanadium Slag Calcium Roasting Process Enhanced by Borocalcite
Tao Zhangyuan, Yu Yongbo, Liu Zuohua, Du Jun, Fan Xing
2014, 35(4): 6-13. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.002
Abstract(27) PDF(1)
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Converter vanadium slag contains TiO2,Al2O3 and silicate.It leads to the formation of coating layer outside the vanadium-iron spinel phase during the roasting process,which has adverse effects on the oxidization of low valence vanadium and decreases the leaching rate of clinker.In order to improve the roasting performances of the vanadium slag,borocalcite was used as additive in the roasting process.It shows that the borocalcite can effectively destroy the silicate coating layer outside the spinel phase and intensifies the phase transformation during the roasting process.
Effects of Iron on the Acid Leaching for Clinker of the Vanadium Slag by Calcium Roasting
Lu Xiaolin, Fu Zibi, He Wenyi, Shen Biao, Yin Danfeng, Wang Chunqiong
2014, 35(4): 14-19. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.003
Abstract(15) PDF(1)
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Effects of the factors including iron content of clinker,pH and time on the acid leaching for the clinker of vanadium slag by calcium roasting were researched to resolve the problems of blackening for the leaching solution and decreasing of the leaching rate caused by the iron in the clinker.The results show that the leaching rate of vanadium is 86% with the pH ≈2.8,time=60 min during the leaching process and iron content ≤ 2% in the clinker,and the blackening of the leaching solution can be avoided;The influences of iron on the leaching process can be reduced with the leaching rate>80% when iron content>2% in the clinker,pH ≈3.0 and time=45 min during the leaching process and the storage time ≤ 120 min for the leaching solution.
Influences of Coating Methods on Properties of Titanium Dioxide
Wu Jianchun, Li Li, Chen Xinhong, Ren Yaping
2014, 35(4): 20-23,31. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.004
Abstract(21) PDF(2)
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The influences of coating methods of NaAlO2-H2SO4 parallel flow,NaAlO2-Al2(SO4)3 parallel flow and NaAlO2-Al2(SO4)3 series flow on the pigment properties of TiO2 were investigated with sand milling slurries of TiO2 respectively treated by zinc and aluminum salt as raw material.The results indicate that the properties of TiO2 including brightness,achromic ability and whiteness are not much affected by the coating methods mentioned above,and products with less byproducts,higher resistivity and lower oil absorption under the same washing conditions can be obtained by NaAlO2-Al2(SO4)3 series flow process in comparison to the NaAlO2-H2SO4 parallel flow process.Obvious effects are achieved by the industrial application of NaAlO2-Al2(SO4)3 series flow process.
Application of Vanadium and Titanium
Microstructure of Alloy Composite Coatings Reinforced by Ti(C,N) Particles through Laser Cladding Technology
Qi Yongtian, Cao Runping, Liu Shixi, Qiao Yu, Zhang Shizhong
2014, 35(4): 24-27. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.005
Abstract(31) PDF(1)
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A new in-situ synthesis method was employed to produce Fe-based alloy composite coating reinforced by Ti(C,N) particles on the surface of cast steel through CO2 laser cladding technology.The phase compositions and the microstructure of the composite cladding layer were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD),optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results show that the Ti(C0.3N0.7) particles are introduced by in-situ reaction between TiN particles and graphite powder added in advance during the laser cladding process,and most of the Ti(C,N) particles in the cladding layer are irregular shape with the size of 0.1~3.0 μm and dispersively distribute in the substrate;The substrate of laser cladding layer contains cell and fine dendrite crystals,and the Ti(C0.3N0.7) particles are tightly bonded to α-Fe (substrate) in the cladding layer with clean and smooth bonding interface.
Electrochemical Performances of Novel Vanadium-based Hydrogen Storage Alloy for Automotive Battery
Yu Rui
2014, 35(4): 28-31. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.006
Abstract(30) PDF(1)
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A novel V-based hydrogen storage alloy for automotive battery was prepared by adding 0.204% nano-Cu particles and 0.102% Ga into the V3TiNi0.56 alloy,and the microstructure,phase composition of the novel alloy and the electrochemical properties of power battery assembled by the novel alloy were investigated.The results show that the novel alloy is consisted of V-based solid solution phase and TiNi phase,with significant oxidation and reduction peaks in the cyclic voltammetric characteristics curve;The discharge capacity attenuation of the battery by the novel alloy after 6 times of charge-discharge cycles decreases to 9.62% in comparison to that of 98.67% for the battery by V3TiNi0.56 alloy,which means significant improvement for the cycle stability of the battery.
Prediction and Analysis on Charge-discharge Circulation Property of Vanadium-based Hydrogen Storage Alloy Based on Neural Network
Meng Biao, Liu Dong
2014, 35(4): 32-35. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.007
Abstract(26) PDF(2)
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The neural network prediction model with three layers of 16×48×1 was built with the contents of16 kinds of alloying elements as input parameters,and with the charge-discharge circulation property as output parameter.The verification test for the prediction model was carried out.Furthermore,the chemical composition,microstructure,phase composition and charge-discharge circulation property of the optimized alloy picked out by the model were tested and analyzed.The results show that the neural network prediction model has high precision,and the V3TiNi0.56-0.1Sc alloy,which is composed of V-based solid solution phase,TiNi and Ti2 Ni phases,has optimum charge-discharge circulation property.Moreover,the maintenance rate of discharge capacity for the V3TiNi0.56-0.1Sc alloy keeps at 82% after 15 times of charge-discharge circulation,which increases by 80% in comparison to that of V3TiNi0.56 alloy.
Orthogonal Mutual Influences of Salt Processing and Calcination on Rutile Titanium White Pigment
Liang Anbing, Tian Congxue, Chen Hua
2014, 35(4): 36-40. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.008
Abstract(30) PDF(2)
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The orthogonal mutual influences of the amount of salt treatment agents (zinc,potassium and phosphate salt) and the highest calcination temperature on the preparation of rutile titanium white pigment were investigated by L27(313) orthogonal experiments,using meta-titanic acid hydrolyzing from the industrial titanyl sulfate solution of low concentration as raw material.The orthogonal optimizing experiments for preparing rutile titanium white pigment were carried out based on the salt processing and calcination.The achromic ability,blue phase,whiteness and granularity of the calcined samples were detected and SEM,TEM were employed for the characterizations.The optimum conditions are zinc salt amount of 0.30%,potassium salt amount of 0.60%,phosphate salt amount of 0.12% and the highest calcination temperature of 850℃.The achromic ability,blue phase,whiteness and granularity of the rutile titanium white pigment by the optimum conditions are respectively 1713,3.07,96.88 and 0.28 um.It shows that the orthogonal mutual influences with different degrees exist between the salt treatment agents and calcination strength,and also among the salt treatment agents themselves.
Resources Environment and Energy Saving
Hydration Performance of the Tailing Slag from V-Ti-Si-Fe Alloy-making Process Based on Ti-bearing Blast-furnace Slag
Hong Yuanyuan, Ke Changming, Liu Xuexin, Han Bingqiang, Zhang Jinhua
2014, 35(4): 41-46. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.009
Abstract(24) PDF(1)
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The hydration performances of 2 types of tailing slags in Pangang,produced by V-Ti-Si-Fe alloy extraction,with Ti-bearing blast furnace slag as the main material were researched.The phase compositions and microstructures of tailing slags before and after hydration were characterized by XRD and SEM,and the comparison between the tailing slags and commercial aluminate cement was taken.The results show that both of the tailing slags A and B mainly contain CA and CA2,small amount of spinel and gehlenite,and their hydration strengths develop gradually but are lower than aluminate cement at the same period,and the hydration process of the tailing slags are similar to aluminate cement.
Research of Sulfuric Acid Produced by Sintering Gas Desulfurization in Pangang Using as Raw Material in Titanium Dioxide Preparation
Shi Ruicheng, Cheng Xiaozhe, Wang Bin
2014, 35(4): 47-50. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.010
Abstract(23) PDF(1)
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Titanium dioxide was prepared,using the sulfuric acid by the sintering gas desulfurization in Pangang as the raw material of acidolysis process.The tendency and distribution of harmful elements in the acid during the titanium dioxide production were tracked and monitored,and the meta-titanic acid satisfying the requirements was eventually obtained.The feasibility of applying sulfuric acid by sintering gas desulfurization to the titanium dioxide production was verified.The results indicate that the equal level of acidolysis rate for titanium concentrate is reached by the sintering gas sulfuric acid in comparison to the sulfuric acid in laboratory.However,sulfuric acid by sintering gas desulfurization cannot be used in the processes of washing and coating in titanium dioxide production due to the black color of the acid.The waste acid and water,produced in the production of titanium dioxide by the sintering gas sulfuric acid,do not harm the environment.
Technical Review
Processes,Microstructure and Properties of Vanadium Microalloyed Steels
T N Baker
2014, 35(4): 51-61. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.011
Abstract(19) PDF(1)
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Vanadium as an important alloying element in steels was initially associated with the properties achieved following tempering.Interest in the microstructure was stimulated by the advent of transmission electron microscopes with a resolution of y1 nm together with selected area electron diffraction techniques.A second timely development was that of controlled rolling,particularly of plate and sheet products.The scope of this review will include the historical background on quenched and tempered vanadium steels,precipitation during isothermal aging,conventional controlled rolling and during thin slab direct charging and the development of strength and toughness in vanadium microalloyed steels.The characterisation of microstructure,in particular the methods for the analysis of the chemical composition of precipitates has progressed since the availability of Xray energy dispersive analysis in the 1970 s,and the role played by electron energy loss spectroscopy in providing quantitative analysis of carbon and nitrogen in vanadium microalloyed steels will be presented.There are still many topics involving vanadium microalloyed steels that are controversial.These include the nucleation sequence of homogeneous precipitates of vanadium carbonitride and whether this occurs coherently,the composition of the vanadium precipitates,the nucleation mechanism for interphase precipitation,the importance of strain induced precipitation in austenite of vanadium carbonitride,the contributions of both interphase precipitation and random precipitation in ferrite to the yield strength,and the role of the process route parameters in developing properties.These topics will be considered in this paper which concentrates on hot rolled vanadium microalloyed steels placed in the context of pertinent research on other alloys.
Ferrous Metallurgy and Materials
Influence of Ti(C,N) on the Performance of BF Slag
Cui Shiqiang
2014, 35(4): 62-66,76. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.012
Abstract(15) PDF(1)
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According to the current smelting condition of Chengde-steel blast furnace,a viscosimeter was used to evaluate the influence of TiC and TiN additions on the melting performance of BF slag.The measurement indicated that additives of TiC,TiN and their combined compound Ti(C,N) are key factors influencing fluidity of titanium-bearing blast furnace slag,however,TiC and TiN additions present different contribution to η and Ts.
Influence of Ordinary Ore Blending Ratio on Texture of Titanium Sinter
Liu Lina, Han Xiuli, Duan Shan, Liu Lei
2014, 35(4): 67-70,82. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.013
Abstract(11) PDF(1)
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The effect of ordinary ore blending ratio on texture of sinter containing titanium was investigated in order to address the problems of low strength and poor low temperature reduction degradation index for sinter in Chengde Iron and Steel Company.The results show increasing percentage of blending ordinary ore leads to reduction in metal phase,and increase in binder phase.Consequently,the content of perovskite reduces and the content of calcium ferrite increases.The texture becomes uniform gradually and turned from granular into melting corrosion structure,the content of skeleton hematite reduce.The drum strength and RDI of resulted sinter are improved.
Study on Differential Thermal Analysis and Single Burning Experiment of Vanadium-titanium Ore Powder
Liu Ran, Li Chao, Lu: Qing, Wang Xingjuan
2014, 35(4): 71-76. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.014
Abstract(10) PDF(1)
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Mineral phase structure,differential thermal analysis and sintering experiment had been performed on three kinds of iron concentrate powder.Phase structure results show all three kinds of iron ore fines are typical magnetite iron grade with lower content of SiO2,and higher TiO2,Al2O3,FeO.Differential thermal analysis result indicates that all three kinds of ore dominate by magnetite and show no sign of hematite covering magnetite.Besides,all present lower initial temperature when slag weight gain,same slope of high-temperature range TG curve,and satisify magnetite oxidation kinetics conditions.All ore powders are characterized by slow sintering,lower exhaust gas temperature,low burning rate and lower drum index as well.Heishan concentrate shows lowest tumbler index of 55.33%,however,this value increase up to 64.40% after mixing sintering.
Study on Desulfurization of Steel Q345 during LF Refining at High Basicity Slag System
Dong Fang, Deng Haohua, Qie Junmao, Tian Yushi
2014, 35(4): 77-82. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.015
Abstract:
The effects of LF refining slag ingredient and slag particle size on Q345 steel desulfurization had been determined by a MoSi2 shaft type electric resistance furnace in laboratory.Test results showed that under refining condition of higher basicity (R=3~53~4.5),the desulfurization rate gradually increased with increasing basicity.When content of Al2O3 was in range of 18%~28%,BaO in range of 6%~14% and CaF2 at 0~10%,there is a optimal desulfurization rate for experimental slag.When refining slag composition,remains constant,particle size decreasing led to increase in desulfurization rate.The optimal slag ingredient at high basicity was obtained by using orthogonal method with related paramenters as follows:R=3~55,wAl2O3=23%,wBaO=10%,wCaF2=5%.The higher desulfurization rate can be achieved by reducting particle size of the refining slag.
Numerical Simulation on the Eight-strand Tundish of Billet Continuous Caster
Chen Yuanqing, Peng Jiaqing, Guo Yu, Han Defei, Guo Feng, Shang Zhenghong
2014, 35(4): 83-88. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.016
Abstract(17) PDF(1)
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The 3D mathematical model of fluid flow,heat transfer and species transportation has been used to optimize the flow control device of a T shape eight-strand billet continuous casting tundish.The flow field,temperature filed,residence time distribution of the molten steel have been computed and analyzed for different flow control cases.The results indicate that short-circuit flow and large dead zone exist without use of flow control devices,and both temperature and residence time are much different between closer and farther outlets,which implies unproportional flow field.The existing flow control case eliminates the short-circuit flow and reduces the dead zone,but the flow proportionality shows no observed improvement.Further improvement has been achieved when the optimized case is used.The residence time of different outlets is uniform on the whole and the temperature difference between the outlets is diminished,which shows the flow proportionality is significantly improved.
Research on Behavior of Inclusions before and after Calcium Treatment in Non-oriented Silicon Steel
Zhao Yong, Sun Yanhui, Yin Xue, Sun Saiyang, Zhang Xichao
2014, 35(4): 89-93. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.017
Abstract(15) PDF(1)
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Behavior of inclusions before and after calcium treatment in non-oriented silicon steel was researched by investigating changes of compositions,types,shapes and sizes of inclusions before and after calcium treatment,for the purpose of providing theoretical guidance for calcium treatment of non-oriented silicon steel in actual situation.Results indicated that Al2O3 and Al2O3-MgO were main types of inclusions before calcium treatment,sometimes AlN maybe precipitate in the outer of inclusions.Al2O3-MgOCaS-CaO system inclusions with a small amount of SiO2 or AlN were dominant after calcium treatment.The shapes of inclusions changed from polygon or irregular before calcium treatment into spherical or near spherical,furthermore,the sizes of inclusions constantly increased.Furthermore,ratio of inclusions including calcium sharply increased from 10 percent before calcium treatment to 74.5 percent after calcium treatment.Meanwhile,the ratio of inclusions including calcium decreased when calcium treatment time extended,which suggested that calcium treatment was beneficial to aggregation,grow-up,floating and removal of inclusions.
Study on Influencing Factors of N Content in Cr12N High Nitrogen Steel
Wang Shuhuan, Guo Jianlong, Zhao Dingguo
2014, 35(4): 94-97. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.018
Abstract(12) PDF(2)
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By varying temperature,pressure,bottom blowing time and bottom blowing flux during vacuum smelting Cr12N steel for the purpose of determinating factors influencing N content in a Cr12N high nitrogen steel.The results indicated that N content decreased from 0.37% to 0.34% when the tested temperature increased from 1 560℃ to 1 620℃,The N content in Cr12N high nitrogen steel increased from 0.31% to 0.39% with pressure raising from 1.1 MPa to 1.6 MPa.Due to higher pressure the relationship between N content and pressure was nonlinear,which did not comply with Sievert law.N content increased with bottom blowing time extending at 5~15 minutes and remained constant after blowing for more than 15 minutes.Increasing bottom blowing flux at 0.16~0.18 m3/h would increase N content,while bottom blowing flux exceeded 0.18 m3/h.further increasing blowing flux led to reduction in N content.
Analysis and Research of the Inclusions of GCr15 Billets
Ma Wenjun, Bao Yanping, Wang Min, Zhao Lihua
2014, 35(4): 98-102. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.019
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Based on this fact that it is difficult to control of the total oxygen less than 10×10-6 when smelting bearing steel in a 100 t EAF,the inclusions in bearing steel billets were analyzed by full-size three-dimensional analysis and large sample electrolysis in the paper.The result showed that the content of large inclusions is higher,dominant sphericalAl2O3 system inclusions and the massive inclusions containing K.The spherical Al2O3 system inclusions are mainly derived from deoxidation products and the massive inclusions containing K are mainly come from slag entrapment from the mold.Therefore,the removal effect of Al2O3 system inclusions can be improved by optimization of reactor flow and the effect of ladle argon,and the inclusions containing K are reduced by the optimization of mould flow field and the adjustment of electromagnetic stirring.The Al2O3 group inclusions are larger.A small amount of Mg or Ca exist in the liquid steel can tranfer,Al2O3 group inclusions into the smaller MgO·Al2O3、MgO or CaO·Al2O3·MgO inclusions.
Study on the Hot Ductility of Low Carbon Steel Q345B Bloom
Ai Xi, Sun Yanhui, Ceng Yanan, Liu Ruining, Liu Yong
2014, 35(4): 103-106. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.020
Abstract(12) PDF(1)
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Hot ductility of low carbon steel Q345 B bloom was tested by Gleeble 1500 thermo-mechanical simulator at the strain rate of 1×10-4s-1and 1×10-3s-1respectively.The results indicated that there were two brittle zones at the temperature ranging from 600~TL℃ when the strain rate was at 1×10-4s-1,that is,high temperature brittle zone (1 217~TL℃) and low temperature brittle zone (600~930℃).When the strain rate was at 1×10-3s-1,however,there was only low temperature brittle zone (600~915℃) at the temperature ranging from 600~TL℃.The main factors influencing hot ductility of this steel were S segregation,strain rate,proeutectoid ferrite as well as precipitation of fine AlN particles.
Effect of Intercritical Annealing Time on Precipitations in a Hot Rolled Ultrafine Grained Metastable Automobile Steel
Li Jiguang, Huang Hailiang, Chen Junyan
2014, 35(4): 107-111. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.021
Abstract(13) PDF(1)
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The size,morphology,distribution and components of precipitates in hot rolled ultrafine grained metastable automobile steel under hot rolling and intercritical annealing after different holding time were systematically investigated by using carbon extraction replica,transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX).The results show that the precipitates are mainly composed of TiN,NbTi(CN) and NbC after hot rolling.The TiN precipitates during casting process,NbTi(CN) precipitates on the existing TiN particles and NbC precipitates in dislocations and sub-boundaries during hot rolling process.During intercritical annealing process,part of carbides dissolves into austenite,and remained precipitates merges with each other and coarsens according to typical Oswald ripening mechanism.In the course of initial annealing,some rectanular TiN precipitates from the matrix.With the increase of annealing time,the morphology of precipitates develop into circular and oval.After holding for 6hs,the precipitates are mainly composed of NbTi(CN) and NbC,the TiN is not found.
Study on Continuous Annealing Process of Ti-IF Steel on a Continuous-annealing/Hot-dip Galvanizing Dual Purpose Line
Zheng Zhiwang, Wang Minli
2014, 35(4): 112-117. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.022
Abstract(12) PDF(1)
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According to the characteristics of a Continuous-annealing/Hot-dip Galvanizing Dual Purpose Line,a series of Ti-IF steels with different carbon content were used to investigate the effect of continuous annealing temperature and annealing time,cold-rolling reduction and prestretching deformation on the microstructure and properties.The results showed that ferrite grain size of the experimental steels almost remained unchanged when annealing temperature increased from 780℃ to 880℃,and the steel with higher carbon produced finer ferrite grains.As annealing temperature increased,yield strength and tensile strength increased,but ultimate elongation and n90 value decreased,however,r90 value remained almost unchanged.As the annealing time increased from 30 s to 45 s,yield strength and tensile strength change little,the ultimate elongation,the n90 value and the r90 value increase.As the annealing time further increased up to 60 s,mechanical properties are independent of annealing time.As the cold-rolling reduction increases,the yield strength,the tensile strength,the ultimate elongation and the r90 value tend to increase,but the n90 value tends to decrease.The r90 value reaches peak value when the cold-rolling reduction is 80%.As the prestretching deformation increases,the yield strength increases obviously,the n90 value and the ultimate elongation decrease markedly,the tensile strength remains almost unchanged,and the r90 value tends to decrease.The continuous annealing Process of Ti-IF steel on a Continuous-annealing/Hot-dip Galvanizing Dual Purpose Line was analyzed.
Effect of Mn on Microstructure and Hardness of Ausenit-ferrite Transformation of Low Carbon Steel
Li Huicheng, Yue Xudong, Chen Shuying, Yang Hongming
2014, 35(4): 118-121. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.023
Abstract(16) PDF(1)
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The effect of Mn on microstructure and hardness of austenit-ferrite transformation was studied by thermal dilatometer,metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope (SET) and microhardness tester.The result show that higher Mn content leads to reduce austenite-ferrite transformation temperature,widen transformation region and consequently ferrite grain size becomes larger,the volume of acicular ferrite and microhardness of transformed structure increase.
Effect of Deformation on Microstructure and Recrystallization of Low Carbon Cold Rolled Sheet
Guo Ruipeng, Cui Yan, Gui Yongliang
2014, 35(4): 122-126. doi: 10.7513/j.issn.1004-7638.2014.04.024
Abstract(13) PDF(1)
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Simulated bell-type furnace annealing test of cold rolled sheet with different reduction ratio was carried out under different temperatures.The results show that strain hardening effect and dislocation density increase as cold reduction increases.the recrystallized grain size is much finer and uniform after annealing at 650℃ for 4 h.Recrystallization driving force as function of deformation was derivated and then being used to calculate value of recrystallization driving force.Calculation shows that when cold reduction increases from 52% to 80%,recrystallization driving force produced by the dislocation density increased by 1.4×104J/m2,and both starting and complete recrystallization temperature decrease at 20~40℃.
2014, 35(4): 127-128.
Abstract(21) PDF(1)
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