With the development of high speed and heavy load transportation in modern railway,higher demanding requirements have been put forward for performance of high speed rail steel.At present,domestic hot-rolled 980 MPa (U75V) rail cannot meet the requirements. Nb microalloying steel was produced in laboratory in order to develop ultra-high hardness and strength steel for speed rail.When Nb content is 0.028%,mechanical properties of high speed rail test steel reach the maximum value,ie,its tensile strength is 1 229 MPa,yield strength is 716 MPa,hardness is HB343 and elongation rate is 11%. And the microstructure performance of Nb test steel reaches the best state.Space between pearlite lamellar is 0.26 μm,and its grain size grade is ASTM No.8 to 8.5.