Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of porous Ti-15Al alloy
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摘要: 以金属Ti粉和Al粉为原料，采用粉末冶金法制备多孔Ti-15Al合金材料，并研究不同的烧结温度对其物相成分、微观孔隙结构、抗压性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：多孔Ti-15Al合金在高温烧结后，因金属Ti和Al之间发生偏扩散和固相反应而形成了α-Ti和Ti3Al的平衡相，随着烧结温度的升高，合金中孔隙结构逐渐由长条状的贯通孔向近似球状的封闭孔转变，且孔隙率和平均孔径尺寸均呈先增大后减小的变化，在1300 ℃烧结后的孔隙率和孔径尺寸最小，最小值分别为11.6%和13.8 μm；因材料孔隙结构的转变，导致多孔Ti-15Al合金的抗压强度和耐腐蚀性能均随烧结温度的升高先增大后减小，烧结温度为1300 ℃时的抗压强度和耐腐蚀性能最好，最大抗压强度为79 MPa，最小腐蚀电流密度为2.05×10−7 A/cm2。Abstract: The porous Ti-15Al alloy materials were prepared by powder metallurgy with Ti and Al powder as raw materials. The effects of different sintering temperatures on the phase composition, micropore structure, compressive and corrosion resistance were studied. The results show that the equilibrium phase of α-Ti and Ti3Al is formed due to partial diffusion and solid-phase reaction between metal Ti and Al after the porous Ti-15Al alloy sintered at high temperature. With the increase of sintering temperature, the structure gradually changes from elongated through-holes to nearly spherical closed pores, and the porosity and average pore size both increases first and then decreases. The porosity and pore size after sintering at 1 300 ℃ reach the minimum, with values of 11.6% and 13.8 μm, respectively. Due to the change of pore structure, the compressive strength and corrosion resistance of porous Ti-15Al alloy increase first and then decrease with the increase of sintering temperature. The compressive strength and corrosion resistance of porous Ti-15Al alloy are the best when the sintering temperature is 1 300 ℃, the maximum compressive strength is 79 MPa, and the minimum corrosion current density is 2.05×10−7 A/cm2.
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图 4 不同烧结温度的多孔Ti-15Al合金显微组织
Figure 4. Microstructure of the porous Ti-15Al alloys at different sintering temperatures
图 5 不同烧结温度的多孔Ti-15Al合金孔隙形貌
Figure 5. The pore morphology of the porous Ti-15Al alloys at different sintering temperatures
图 7 多孔Ti-15Al合金的压缩载荷-位移曲线
Figure 7. Compressive load-displacement curves of the porous Ti-15Al alloys
图 9 多孔Ti-15Al合金的阳极极化曲线
Figure 9. Anodic polarization curves of the porous Ti-15Al alloys
表 1 Ti粉的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of Ti powder
% C H O N Fe Mn Mg Si Ti 0.013 0.022 0.28 0.009 0.028 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 Bal. 
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表 2 Al粉的化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of Al powder
% Si Fe Cu Zn Ti Mn Mg Si Al 0.45 0.5 0.05 0.009 0.028 <0.01 <0.01 0.02 Bal.
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表 3 多孔Ti-15Al合金的孔隙率和平均孔径
Table 3. Porosity and average pore size of the porous Ti-15Al alloys
烧结温度/℃ 孔隙率/% 平均孔径/μm 1100 22.2 25.1 1200 19.1 16.5 1300 11.6 13.8 1400 14.3 25.8
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表 4 多孔Ti-15Al合金的自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流密度
Table 4. Self-corrosion potential and current density of the porous Ti-15Al alloys
烧结温度/℃ 腐蚀电位/V 电流密度/(A·cm−2) 1100 −0.44 2.38×10−6 1200 −0.14 2.73×10−7 1300 −0.04 2.05×10−7 1400 −0.08 6.04×10−7
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