Experimental study on mineralogy and beneficiation of an iron ore from Australia
-
摘要: 澳大利亚拥有原矿品位高、有害元素含量低、开采后不经选矿可直接进入冶炼的丰富的优质铁矿石资源,但优质铁矿石资源不可再生,开发利用较低品位铁矿石资源对于铁矿石资源的可持续开采具有重要意义。澳大利亚某铁矿中Fe品位57.93%,主要含铁矿物为赤铁矿和褐铁矿、少量硬锰矿,脉石矿物主要是高岭土、石英,少量的长石、黑云母、方解石、白钛石、金红石等。有价矿物之间嵌布关系复杂,且铁矿嵌布粒度细,同时赤铁矿和褐铁矿包裹体包含于高岭土、石英或交代连生,铁矿磁选不易分离。试验采用磁选-浮选工艺流程获得Fe品位为68.57%、回收率为76.45%的铁精矿。Abstract: Australia is rich in high-quality iron ore resources with high raw ore grade and low content of harmful elements, which can be directly smelted without beneficiation after mining. However, high-quality iron ore resources are not renewable. The development and utilization of lower grade iron ore resources is of great significance for the sustainable mining. An iron ore from Australia has a Fe grade of 57.93%. The mainly iron-containing minerals contain hematite, limonite, and a small amount of pyrolusite. The gangue minerals are mainly kaolinite and silica, followed by feldspar, biotate, calcite, white titanium, and rutile. The complex embedded relationship among the valuable mineral, the fine disseminated grain size of hematite as well as limonite inclusion were contained in kaolinite, silica which is not conducive to the magnetic separation of the iron ore. In this paper, a flow chart of magnetic separation-flotation was adopted to obtain iron ore concentrate with Fe grade of 68.57% as well as Fe recovery of 76.45%.
-
Key words:
- hematite /
- limonite /
- magnetic separation /
- flotation /
- recovery rate
-
表 1 原矿多元素分析
Table 1. Spectral analysis results of run-of-mine
% Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 Cu Co K2O Na2O CaO 84.88 2.92 6.96 0.005 0.001 0.05 0.005 0.08 MgO MnO P2O5 SO3 Cr2O3 TiO2 ZrO2 Ba 0.03 0.83 0.06 0.10 0.03 0.20 0.002 0.03 表 2 原砂的矿物组成及含量
Table 2. Mineral compositions and content in run-of-mine
% 矿物 含量 矿物 含量 赤铁矿 60.950 褐铁矿 31.098 硬锰矿 1.344 白钛石 0.076 高岭石 4.015 假金红石 0.058 石英 1.845 水铝石 0.007 长石 0.144 方解石 0.074 黑云母 0.031 白云石 0.007 古铜辉石 0.004 重晶石 0.025 锆石 0.015 磷铝钙石 0.018 铬铁矿 0.003 其他 0.226 金红石 0.056 自然铜 0.005 合计 100.00 表 3 主要有用矿物的解离度结果
Table 3. Dissociation results of main valuable mineral
粒级/mm 产率/% 解离度/% 赤铁矿 褐铁矿 +0.04 57.66 94.24 91.90 -0.04+0.02 31.57 97.31 94.73 -0.02 10.77 98.26 99.02 合计 100.00 95.54 94.01 表 4 原矿筛分分析
Table 4. Sieving analysis of run-of-mine
粒度组成/mm 产率/% 负累计产率/% Fe品位/% Fe分布率/% +0.16 0.18 100.00 46.49 0.14 -0.16~+0.074 15.66 99.82 56.10 15.17 -0.074~+0.038 44.45 84.16 61.45 47.15 -0.038~+0.019 23.86 39.72 62.47 25.73 -0.019~+0.010 4.28 15.86 53.29 3.94 -0.010~+0.005 2.74 11.58 50.21 2.37 -0.005 8.84 8.84 36.08 5.51 合计 100.00 57.93 100.00 表 5 赤铁矿化学成分能谱分析结果
Table 5. Chemical composition of hematite by energy spectrum analysis
% Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 SO3 V2O5 Cr2O3 MnO 98.34 0.17 1.24 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.01 0.07 注:为20个测点平均成分。 表 6 褐铁矿化学成分能谱分析结果
Table 6. Chemical composition of limonite by energy spectrum analysis
% Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 SO3 V2O5 Cr2O3 MnO MgO Cl2O K2O CaO TiO2 85.84 4.92 7.92 0.13 0.14 0.09 0.08 0.56 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.12 注:为20个测点平均成分。 表 7 不同型号螺旋溜槽试验对比结果
Table 7. Comparison results of variable model of spiral chute test
% 设备名称 产品名称 产率 Fe品位 Fe回收率 GL600 精矿 55.34 64.70 61.82 尾矿 44.66 49.52 38.18 给矿 100.00 57.92 100.00 GL900 精矿 52.70 65.40 59.51 尾矿 47.30 49.59 40.49 给矿 100.00 57.92 100.00 LP900 精矿 54.20 65.50 61.29 尾矿 45.80 48.95 38.71 给矿 100.00 57.92 100.00 GL1200 精矿 51.15 66.30 58.55 尾矿 48.85 49.15 41.45 给矿 100.00 57.92 100.00 表 8 磁选设备对比试验结果
Table 8. Comparison of SSS-I WHIMS and ZH HIMS magnetic separator
% 设备名称 产品名称 产率 Fe品位 回收率 SSS-I型立环
高梯度磁选机精矿 83.62 63.20 91.24 尾矿 16.38 30.96 8.76 给矿 100.00 57.93 100.00 ZH强磁选机 精矿 80.75 62.47 87.09 尾矿 19.25 38.83 12.91 给矿 100.00 57.92 100.00 表 9 全流程闭路试验结果
Table 9. Results of closed-circuit test
% 产品名称 产率 Fe品位 Fe回收率 精矿 64.58 68.57 76.45 尾矿 35.42 38.51 23.55 原矿 100.00 57.92 100.00 -
[1] Wu Yuxiang. The status quo of iron ore resources in Australia and the analysis of new projects[J]. Modern Mining, 2016,32(6):62−64,68. (巫宇翔. 澳大利亚铁矿资源现状及新项目分析[J]. 现代矿业, 2016,32(6):62−64,68. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6082.2016.06.023 [2] Chen Hong. General situation of world iron ore resources and production[J]. Iron & Steel, 2001,(11):69−73. (陈宏. 世界铁矿石资源和生产概况[J]. 钢铁, 2001,(11):69−73. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0449-749X.2001.11.018 [3] Qiu Xueming, Lu Lin. Study on the beneficiation technology for a refractory limonite or e in Guangxi[J]. Mineral Engineering, 2016,14(4):23−26. (邱雪明, 卢琳. 广西某难选褐铁矿选矿工艺研究[J]. 矿业工程, 2016,14(4):23−26. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8550.2016.04.009 [4] Xu Xiaoyi, Wang Fengyu, Zhang Chaoda, et al. Optimization of gravity separation flowsheet with spiral chute for collecting fine ilmenite[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2021,41(5):45−48. (徐晓衣, 王丰雨, 张超达, 等. 螺旋溜槽回收某细粒级钛铁矿的试验研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2021,41(5):45−48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2021.05.011 [5] Xie Baohua, Wu Chengcai, Wang Fengyu, et al. Study on the application of vertical ring high gradient magnetic separator in recovery of hematite[J]. Material Research and Application, 2018,12(2):143−147. (谢宝华, 吴城材, 王丰雨, 等. 立环高梯度磁选机分选赤铁矿应用研究[J]. 材料研究与应用, 2018,12(2):143−147. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9981.2018.02.015 [6] 任建伟. 铁矿石高效反浮选药剂理论和应用研究[D]. 长沙: 中南大学, 2004.Ren Jianwei. Study on the mechanism and application of effective reagent for reverse flotation of iron ores [D]. Changsha: Central South University, 2014. [7] Ke Jiayan, Shi Yunliang, Xiao Jinxiong, et al. Mineral processing technique for an iron ore from Russia[J]. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2019,39(6):50−53. (柯佳焱, 石云良, 肖金雄, 等. 俄罗斯某铁矿选矿工艺研究[J]. 矿冶工程, 2019,39(6):50−53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2019.06.012