Study of explosive composition to mechanical properties and interfacial structure of large-sized titanium-steel clad plates
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摘要: 分别以3 mm×3 m×7 m的TA2板和9 mm×3.2 m×7.2 m的Q235钢板作为覆板和基板，使用四种不同成分的炸药制备了大规格TA2/Q235钛/钢爆炸复合板，并对复合板的剪切强度以及界面组织进行了研究。结果表明，炸药的爆速、猛度和做功能力随乳化炸药含量的增多而增大。经UT检测，使用4#炸药爆炸制备的钛/钢复合板结合率接近100%；平均剪切强度最高为278 MPa。爆炸钛/钢复合板都存在一定厚度的界面层，炸药做功能力越强，界面层厚度越薄。该试验所制备的钛/钢复合板界面层厚度最薄仅为1.1 μm。爆炸钛/钢复合板界面层的形成是Ti和Fe元素互扩散的结果。扩散过程中，在高温的作用下，界面层中容易形成β-Ti、TiFe和TiFe2金属间化合物。Abstract: In this paper TA2 plate of 3 mm × 3 m × 7 m and Q235 steel plate of 9 mm × 3.2 m × 7.2 m are used as the clad plate and the base plate, respectively, large-sized TA1-Q235 titanium-steel clad plates were prepared with four different components of explosives and the shear strength and interface bonding microstructure were studied. The results show that the detonation velocity, brisance and power of explosive increases with the growing content of emulsion explosive. The ultrasonic testing (UT) results show the interface bonding rate of titanium-steel clad prepared with No.4 explosive can reach 100%, exhibiting a maximum average shear strength of 278 MPa. For explosive-welded titanium-steel clad plates, the interfacial bonding with derivative thickness related to the power of explosive. High power of explosive leads to thinner interface bonding and the thinnest interface bonding is 1.1 μm. The formation of titanium-steel clad plates is due to mutual diffusion of titanium element and steel element. With the function of high temperature, intermetallic compounds such as β-Ti, TiFe and TiFe2 are easily formed.
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图 2 爆炸法制备的钛/钢复合板
（a）整体 ；（b）侧面
Figure 2. Ti/steel clad prepared by explosive welding method
图 4 爆炸钛/钢复合板的界面形貌（上层TA1+下层Q235）
Figure 4. SEM micrographs of the interface of Ti/steel clad plates (upper layer TA1 + lower layer Q235)
表 1 四种炸药成分
Table 1. Four different explosive compositions
炸药
编号乳化
炸药/%玻璃
微球/%硫酸
镁/%木粉/% 二氧化
硅/%1# 60 13 13 7 7 2# 65 11 11 6.5 6.5 3# 70 10 10 5 5 4# 75 8 8 4.5 4.5 
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表 2 炸药性能
Table 2. The properties of four different explosives
炸药编号 爆速/（m·s−1） 密度/（g·cm−3） 猛度/mm 做功能力/mL 水分/% 颗粒度/mm 流散性 1# 2050 0.75 9 180 0.30 0.25～0.60 优 2# 2160 0.72 9.5 185 0.25 0.25～0.60 优 3# 2250 0.69 9.8 190 0.35 0.25～0.60 优 4# 2400 0.60 10 199 0.34 0.25～0.60 优
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表 3 四种不同配方炸药制备的钛/钢复合板剪切强度
Table 3. The shear strength of explosive-welded Ti/steel clad plates
炸药配方 剪切强度/ MPa 1 2 3 4 平均值 1# 240 265 260 250 254 2# 260 270 260 250 260 3# 290 270 260 235 264 4# 280 285 270 275 278
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表 4 钛/钢复合板点扫描结果(原子分数)
Table 4. The point scanning data of Ti/steel clad plates (atom fraction)
% 元
素点1 点2 点3 点4 点5 点6 点7 点8 点9 点10 点11 点12 点13 点14 点15 点16 Ti 96.65 90.54 30.65 97.52 74.21 16.44 1.55 97.68 86.05 50.58 95.29 52.95 35.30 0.18 Fe 0.84 7.51 61.55 97.49 0.98 19.74 77.33 89.49 0.62 10.32 45.27 98.91 0.58 45.75 52.20 94.89
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