Analysis of standard GB/T 10561-2023: Determination of content of nonmetallic inclusions in steel-micrographic method using standard diagrams
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摘要: 非金属夹杂物检验标准GB/T 10561-2023已修订完成，为了更好地实施新标准，针对新标准的修订内容，从术语定义、原理、测定方法、结果表示、计算公式、评级图谱方面进行了详细的解析。新标准主要修订内容如下：增加了术语和定义部分，修改了夹杂物定义和特征描述；增加了析出相类评定要求以及化学特征表示方法，将非金属夹杂物级别细化为10个级别，明确了取样要求，更改了钢管的取样方法，明确了夹杂物起评尺寸；修改了测定方法，给出了显微镜B法的扫描方式，在结果表示方面修改了夹杂物类型和系列划分界限不清晰的问题；新标准更改了夹杂物测量值和夹杂物级别计算公式，并重新绘制了标准评级图，相比GB/T 10561-2005版标准，新发布的GB/T 10561-2023标准更加完善。Abstract: The inspection standard for non-metallic inclusions (GB/T 10561-2023) has been revised. In order to more precisely implement the revised standard, in this paper, we provide a detailed analysis on the revised contents of the new standard GB/T 10561-2023 “Determination of Non-metallic Inclusion Content in Steel by Micrographic Method Using Standard Diagrams,” including the terminology definitions, principles, determination methods, results representations, calculation formulas, and rating maps. The major revisions of the new standard are summarized as follows: the terms and definitions section is added; the definition and characterization of inclusions are revised; requirements to evaluate the precipitated phases is required and the methods for describing their chemical characteristics are amended; the level of non-metallic inclusions is subdivided into 10 levels; the sampling requirements clarified, the sampling and schematic diagram for steel pipes modified, and the least size of inclusions for evaluation is clarified. The determination method was modified, and the scanning mode of the microscope B method was given. In terms of results presentations, the unclear classification of inclusion types and series boundaries was revised. The new standard has changed the calculation formula for inclusion measurement values and inclusion levels, and redrawn the standard rating diagram. Compared to the GB/T 10561-2005 version, the newly released GB/T 10561-2023 standard is more complete.
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Key words:
- steel /
- non-metallic inclusion /
- complex inclusion /
- precipitated phase /
- standards revision /
- standard rating chart
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图 1 GB/T 10561-2005标准中钢管取样方法
Figure 1. The sampling method for steel pipes proposed in the GB/T 10561-2005 standard
图 2 公称壁厚≤25 mm钢管取样方法
Figure 2. The sampling method for steel pipe with the nominal wall thickness ≤25 mm
图 3 公称壁厚＞25 mm钢管取样方法
Figure 3. The sampling method for steel pipe with the nominal wall thickness > 25 mm
图 6 GB/T 10561-2005和GB/T 10561-2023标准中B类夹杂物0.5级和1级评级图对比
Figure 6. Comparison of Grade 0.5 and Grade 1 ratings of Class B inclusions in GB/T 10561-2005 and GB/T 10561-2023 standards
表 1 GB/T 10561-2005标准中附录D公式计算值与其标准中表1数据对比
Table 1. Comparison of the calculated values in the formula in Appendix D of the standard GB/T 10561-2005 with the data in Table 1 of the present standard
级别 A类夹杂物总长度/μm B类夹杂物总长度/μm C类夹杂物总长度/μm D类夹杂物数量/个 DS类夹杂物直径/μm 附录D
计算值标准中表1
数据附录D
计算值标准中表1
数据附录D
计算值标准中表1
数据附录D
计算值标准中表1
数据附录D
计算值标准中表1
数据0.5 37 37 17 17 18 18 1 1 13 13 1 127 127 77 77 76 76 4 4 19 19 1.5 262 261 184 184 176 176 9 9 27 27 2 438 436 343 343 321 320 16 16 38 38 2.5 652 649 555 555 510 510 25 25 53 53 3 902 898 823 822 745 746 36 36 76 76 
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表 2 夹杂物的检测结果
Table 2. Testing results of inclusions
级 A B C D DS 细系 粗系 细系 粗系 细系 粗系 细系 粗系 2.0 0.5 2.5a 0 0 1.0b 1.0 0 0.5 注：a）有一长度为930 μm的超长夹杂物；b）有一宽度为20 μm的超宽夹杂物。
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表 4 GB/T 10561-2023 与GB/T 10561-2005夹杂物测量值和夹杂物级别计算公式对照
Table 4. Comparison table of GB/T 10561-2023 and GB/T 10561-2005 inclusion measurement values and inclusion grade calculation formulas
类型 由夹杂物测量值计算各类型夹杂物级别公式 由夹杂物级别计算各类型夹杂物测量值公式 GB/T 10561-2023 GB/T 10561-2005 GB/T 10561-2023 GB/T 10561-2005 A lg(i)=[0.5617 lg(L)]-1.182 lg(i)=[0.5605 lg(L)]-1.179 lg(L)=[1.7802 lg(i)]+2.1038 lg(L)=[1.7840 lg(i)]+2.104 B lg(i)=[0.4633 lg(L)]-0.873 lg(i)=[0.4626 lg(L)]-0.871 lg(L)=[2.1583 lg(i)]+1.8853 lg(L)=[2.1616 lg(i)]+1.884 C lg(i)=[0.4797 lg(L)]-0.901 lg(i)=[0.4807 lg(L)]-0.904 lg(L)=[2.0845 lg(i)]+1.8783 lg(L)=[2.0800 lg(i)]+1.880 D lg(i)=[0.5000 lg(n)]-0.301 lg(i)=[0.5000 lg(n)]-0.301 lg(n)=[2.0000 lg(i)]+0.602 lg(n)=[2.0000 lg(i)]+0.602 DS i=[3.3117 lg(d)]-3.211 i=[3.3110 lg(d)]-3.220 lg(d)=0.3020i+0.972 lg(d)=0.3020i+0.972 注：i为夹杂物级别，级；L为夹杂物长度，μm；d为夹杂物直径，μm；n为每个视场中的夹杂物数量，个。
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表 5 GB/T 10561-2023标准中附录B公式计算值与其标准中表1数据对比
Table 5. The calculated values of formula B in Appendix of GB/T 10561-2023 standard compared with the data in Table 1 of the standard
级别 A类夹杂物总长度/μm B类夹杂物总长度/μm C类夹杂物总长度/μm D类夹杂物数量/个 DS类夹杂物直径/μm 附录B
计算值标准中表1
数据附录B
计算值标准中表1
数据附录B
计算值标准中表1
数据附录B
计算值标准中表1
数据附录B
计算值标准中表1
数据0.5 37 37 17 17 18 18 1 1 13 13 1 127 127 77 77 76 76 4 4 19 19 1.5 261 261 184 184 176 176 9 9 27 27 2 436 436 343 343 320 320 16 16 38 38 2.5 649 649 555 555 510 510 25 25 53 53 3 898 898 822 822 746 746 36 36 76 76 3.5 1181 1181 1147 1147 1029 1029 49 49 107 107 4 1498 1498 1530 1530 1359 1359 64 64 151 151 4.5 1848 1848 1973 1973 1737 1737 81 81 214 214 5 2229 2230 2477 2476 2164 2163 100 100 303 303
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