Synthesis of defective titanium dioxide nanomaterial in nitric acid system and its application in photocatalysis
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摘要: 以硝酸为形貌控制剂，采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2纳米材料。所获得的TiO2纳米材料为锐钛矿型，并具有缺陷态结构，粒径保持在5 nm以下。制备过程中，材料中晶体的生长遵循定向附着（Oriented attachment，OA）机制。将该锐钛矿型TiO2材料应用于亚甲基蓝的光催化降解中，实现了95%的催化降解效果，表现出较好的光催化性能。该工艺过程简单，制备中未使用高温工艺，非常易于工业化生产，为TiO2纳米光催化材料的低成本制备提供了一条简便的技术路径。Abstract: TiO2 nanomaterial was prepared by sol-gel method using nitric acid as the control agent. The obtained TiO2 nanomaterial is anatase and has defect structure, with the particle size below 5 nm. During the preparation of the material, the crystal growth complies the oriented attachment (OA) mechanism. The anatase TiO2 material was applied to the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, and 95% of the catalytic degradation efficiency can be achieved, showing good photocatalytic performance. It provides a simple technical path for preparation of TiO2 nano photocatalytic materials.
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Key words:
- TiO2 /
- nanomaterials /
- nitric acid /
- defective /
- photocatalysis /
- degradation rate
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图 2 TiO2纳米材料的扫描电镜形貌
（a）、（b）、（c）、（d）分别为产物TiO2材料放大3 000、8 000、20 000和40 000倍率形貌
Figure 2. SEM images of TiO2 nanomaterial
图 3 TiO2纳米材料的透射电镜形貌
（a）产物TiO2低倍TEM；(b)产物TiO2晶面测量；(c)左上和右上为晶态区域傅里叶变换图；左下和右下为所选晶态区域中存在的位错缺陷分析;(d)图中白色椭圆标识位置为晶界局部放大
Figure 3. TEM images of TiO2 nanomaterials
图 4 缺陷态TiO2在模拟光下分解亚甲基蓝脱色率
Figure 4. Decolorization rate of methylene blue decomposed by defective TiO2 under simulated light
表 1 由Scherrer公式计算的TiO2粒径
Table 1. TiO2 particle size calculated by Scherrer formula
峰位（2θ） 峰半高宽β/(°) 晶粒尺寸D/nm 25.354（101） 2.238 3.6 36.884（103） 2.039 4.07 48.077（200） 2.075 4.15 
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