Industrial study on modification of sulfide in Y1Cr13free-cutting stainless steel by tellurium
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摘要: 借助金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜，Image-Pro Plus图像分析软件等手段分析了碲改质Y1Cr13不锈钢中硫化物的效果并进行了对比。结果表明，当钢中加入0.011%的碲时MnS夹杂周围析出了MnTe夹杂，促使了硫化物夹杂粗化，大多数硫化物的形貌呈椭球状、纺锤状且分布弥散，同时碲增强了硫化物夹杂的抗变形能力。钢中加碲后，硫化物纺锤率由未改质前的55.4%提高到了86.5%，硫化物评级由未改质前的3-1级下降到了2-2级，硫化物形态及评级得到了显著提升。切削试验表明，钢中未加碲时，在切削速率分别为180、360、560 r/min时，切削后所得C型屑百分比分别为53%、59%、64%，且工件切削表面粗糙度Ra分别为3.407、2.112、4.186 μm，然而当钢中添加碲后，切削后所得C型屑百分比分别为86%、90%、93%，且工件切削表面粗糙度Ra分别为2.302、1.978、3.220 μm。因此，钢中添加碲后，显著提升了钢的切削性能。Abstract: The effect of sulfide modification by Te was analyzed and compared by means of metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscope and Image-Pro Plus image analysis software. The results show that MnTe inclusions precipitated around the MnS inclusions when 0.011% Te added to the steel, resulting in the coarsening of sulfide inclusions. The morphology of most sulfides is ellipsoidal and spindle with dispersive distribution. Te enhanced the deformation resistance ability of sulfide inclusions. After adding Te to steel, the spindle percentage of sulfide inclusions increased from 55.4% to 86.5% compared to non-addition of Te. The sulfide rating decreased from 3-1 to 2-2. Thus, the sulfide morphology and rating are significantly improved. The machining test shows that when the cutting speed was 180 , 360 and 560 r/min, the percentage of C-chip obtained after cutting was 53%, 59% and 64%, respectively, and the surface roughness (Ra) value of workpiece was 3.407, 2.112 and 4.186 μm, respectively. However, when the Te powder was added to the steel, the percentage of C-chip obtained after cutting was 86%, 90% and 93%, and the surface roughness (Ra) of workpiece after cutting was 2.302, 1.978 and 3.220 μm, respectively. Therefore, the cutting property of steel was improved with Te addition.
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Key words:
- Y1Cr13 stainless steel /
- sulfides /
- tellurium modification /
- cutting performance
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图 1 工业加碲试验现场（a）和含碲包芯线（b）
Figure 1. Industrial test pilot (a) and the Te-containing cored wire (b)
图 2 最恶劣视场下金相照片及对应图谱
Figure 2. Metallographic photos and corresponding maps under the worst viewing field
图 3 不同倍数下四个轧材试样中典型硫化物夹杂的金相照片
(a)~(c):未改质原样; (d)~(f): Ø16 mm Te改质; (g)~(i): Ø8 mm Te改质; (j)~(l): Ø5.5 mm Te改质
Figure 3. Metallographic photos of typical sulfides in four rolled bars at different magnifications
图 7 未改质原样轧材不同转速下的切屑形貌
Figure 7. Chip morphologies of the rolled bars at different cutting speeds
图 8 碲改质轧材不同转速下的切屑形貌
Figure 8. Chip morphologies of the Te-modified rolled bars at different cutting speeds
图 10 未改质原样和碲改质切屑的统计结果
Figure 10. Statistical results of unmodified sample and the Te-modified chip
表 1 试验钢的主要化学成分
Table 1. Main chemical compositions of the experimental steels
% 试样 C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Te 原样 0.13 0.45 1.15 0.03 0.34 17.25 0.04 碲改质 0.12 0.44 1.17 0.03 0.35 17.14 0.04 0.011 
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表 2 Y1Cr13不锈钢原样及碲改质轧材A类硫化物评级对比
Table 2. Grade of type A inclusions in Y1Cr13 stainless steel and Te modified rolled bars
样品 国标评级(GBT 10516-2005 ) 德标评级 原样 粗系4.5级，细系5.5级 3-1级 1#样 粗系4.0级，细系2.5级 2-2级 2#样 粗系4.0级，细系4.0级 2-2级 3#样 粗系2.5级，细系3.0级 2-2级
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表 3 轧材硫化物统计
Table 3. Statistics of the inclusions in the rolled bars
样品 规格/mm 硫化物平均面积/μm2 硫化物平均等效直径/μm 硫化物密度/(个·mm−2) 总长宽比 原样 Ø16 5.4 2.2 4232 6.79 1#样 Ø16 24.07 5.70 1624 3.65 2#样 Ø8 13.71 4.78 1853 3.89 3#样 Ø5.5 9.95 3.32 2245 3.31
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表 4 切削钢表面粗糙度统计
Table 4. Statistics of surface roughness of the machining steels
转速/
(r·min−1)Ra/µm 原样 碲改质 测定值 平均值 测定值 平均值 180 3.155，3.276，3.790 3.407 2.184，2.449，2.274 2.302 360 2.165，2.074，2.098 2.112 1.977，1.903，2.055 1.978 560 4.000，4.392，4.167 4.186 3.199，3.187，3.274 3.220
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